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Effects of the Change in Working Status on the Health of Older People in Japan

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Listed:
  • Ushio Minami
  • Mariko Nishi
  • Taro Fukaya
  • Masami Hasebe
  • Kumiko Nonaka
  • Takashi Koike
  • Hiroyuki Suzuki
  • Yoh Murayama
  • Hayato Uchida
  • Yoshinori Fujiwara

Abstract

Background: Working at old ages is regarded as a good way to keep one’s health according to the idea of productive aging. However, there is not enough evidence yet whether retirement is good or bad, or the kind of effects it has on the health of older adults aged 65 and over. We examined it by using a recent data of Wako city, a suburb area near Tokyo in Japan. Methods: One thousand seven hundred sixty-eight participants answered to 3 waves of survey questionnaires: 2008, 2010, and 2012, successively. We considered 3 indicators of health; self-rated health, mental health (GDS15) and HLFC (Higher-Level Functional Capacity: TMIG-IC). In cross-sectional analysis, we compared these 3 indicators by three groups: full-time worker, part-time worker, and non-worker. In longitudinal analysis, we compared these three indicators by two groups: subjects who successively worked in 2008, 2010, 2012, and subjects who worked in 2008 but retired before 2010. We used one-way and two way repeated measures ANCOVA for these analyses, respectively. Results: It was significantly clear that retirement worsened both mental health and HLFC in people aged 65 years and over; especially, mental health worsened rapidly and HLFC gradually. However, these indicators didn’t worsen in subjects who changed from full-time jobs to part-time jobs. Quitting from part-time jobs deteriorated mental health gradually and HLFC moderately compared to full-time jobs. Conclusion: The results support the activity theory that older adults who quit from full-time jobs deteriorated both mental health and HLFC, though at different speeds. If they make a transit to part-time jobs, the deterioration would be moderate. It shows that working is an effective way of social participation for older people aged 65 years and over in Japan.

Suggested Citation

  • Ushio Minami & Mariko Nishi & Taro Fukaya & Masami Hasebe & Kumiko Nonaka & Takashi Koike & Hiroyuki Suzuki & Yoh Murayama & Hayato Uchida & Yoshinori Fujiwara, 2015. "Effects of the Change in Working Status on the Health of Older People in Japan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0144069
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144069
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yoko Sugihara & Hidehiro Sugisawa & Hiroshi Shibata & Ken Harada, 2008. "Productive Roles, Gender, and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study of Late-Middle-Aged Japanese," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 63(4), pages 227-234.
    2. Sharon L. Christ & David J. Lee & Lora E. Fleming & William G. LeBlanc & Kristopher L. Arheart & Katherine Chung-Bridges & Alberto J. Caban & Kathryn E. McCollister, 2007. "Employment and Occupation Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Older Americans: Does Working Past Age 65 Protect Against Depression?," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 62(6), pages 399-403.
    3. Ekerdt, D. & Baden, L. & Bosse, R. & Dibbs, E., 1983. "The effect of retirement on physical health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 73(7), pages 779-783.
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    5. Ushio Minami & Hiroyuki Suzuki & Masataka Kuraoka & Takashi Koike & Erika Kobayashi & Yoshinori Fujiwara, 2016. "Older Adults Looking for a Job through Employment Support System in Tokyo," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Hanwei Li & Dongling Xu & Xin Hao, 2021. "Will Delayed Retirement Affect the Health of Chinese Workers? A Study from the Perspective of Sustainability of Physical Health," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, March.
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    8. Kazushige Ide & Taishi Tsuji & Satoru Kanamori & Seungwon Jeong & Yuiko Nagamine & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    9. Kazuki Yokoyama & Hikaru Ihira & Yuriko Matsuzaki-Kihara & Atsushi Mizumoto & Ryo Miyajima & Takeshi Sasaki & Naoki Kozuka & Nozomu Ikeda, 2022. "Association between Productive Roles and Frailty Factors among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-9, August.

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