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Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition

Author

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  • Ricarda Möhler

    (Faculty Social Work, Health & Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany)

  • Olivia Wartha

    (Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

  • Jürgen Michael Steinacker

    (Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

  • Bertram Szagun

    (Faculty Social Work, Health & Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany)

  • Susanne Kobel

    (Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

Abstract

Overweight and obesity, as well as their associated risk factors for diseases, are already prevalent in childhood and, therefore, promoting healthy eating is important. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) and early health-promotion can be helpful in promoting healthy eating. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PSE on children’s nutrition behavior and identify PSE as a mediator between an intervention and children’s nutrition. The kindergarten-based health-promotion program “Join the Healthy Boat” was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 558 children (4.7 ± 0.6 years; 52.3% male) participating at both times. Linear and logistic regressions as well as mediation analyses with potential covariates such as parental outcome expectancies or parental nutrition were carried out using questionnaire data. In children, PSE was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake ( β = 0.237; p < 0.001) and showed a protective effect on soft drink consumption ( OR 0.728; p = 0.002). Parental nutrition was a stronger predictor of children’s intake of fruit, vegetables ( β = 0.451; p < 0.001), and soft drinks ( OR 7.188; p < 0.001). There was no mediator effect of PSE. However, outcome expectancies were associated with PSE ( β = 0.169; p = 0.032). In conclusion, interventions should promote self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and healthy nutrition for parents as well in order to strengthen the healthy eating habits of children.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricarda Möhler & Olivia Wartha & Jürgen Michael Steinacker & Bertram Szagun & Susanne Kobel, 2020. "Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9463-:d:463808
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arwa Zahid & Cynthia Davey & Marla Reicks, 2017. "Beverage Intake among Children: Associations with Parent and Home-Related Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Nyaradi, Anett & Li, Jianghong & Hickling, Siobhan & Foster, Jonathan & Oddy, Wendy H., 2013. "The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 7, pages 1-1.
    3. Xinshu Zhao & John G. Lynch & Qimei Chen, 2010. "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(2), pages 197-206, August.
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