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Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?

Author

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  • Diego Galvan

    (COVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, Brazil
    Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909, Brazil
    Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ 20020-000, Brazil)

  • Luciane Effting

    (Chemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, Brazil)

  • Hágata Cremasco

    (Chemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, Brazil)

  • Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

    (COVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, Brazil
    Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909, Brazil
    Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ 20020-000, Brazil)

Abstract

Infinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), to verify the relationship between numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian states for 110 days. The SOM analysis showed that the variables that presented a more significant relationship with the numbers of cases and deaths by COVID-19 were influenza vaccine applied, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ventilators, physicians, nurses, and the Human Development Index (HDI). In general, Brazilian states with the highest rates of influenza vaccine applied, ICU beds, ventilators, physicians, and nurses, per 100,000 inhabitants, had the lowest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19, while the states with the lowest rates were most affected by the disease. According to the SOM analysis, other variables such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tests, drugs, and Federal funds, did not have as significant effect as expected.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego Galvan & Luciane Effting & Hágata Cremasco & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior, 2020. "Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8921-:d:454125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim & Matheus Negri Boschiero & Felipe Eduardo Valencise & Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, 2022. "Human Development Index Is Associated with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in Brazil: An Ecological Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-21, April.

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