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Feeding Arsenic-Containing Rice Bran to Growing Pigs: Growth Performance, Arsenic Tissue Distribution, and Arsenic Excretion

Author

Listed:
  • Shengfa F. Liao

    (Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

  • M. Shamimul Hasan

    (Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

  • Zhongyue Yang

    (Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

  • Andrew W. Stevens

    (Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA)

  • James Brett

    (Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

  • Zhaohua Peng

    (Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the growth performance, arsenic (As) tissue distribution, and As excretion of pigs fed As-containing rice bran. Twenty gilts (26.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments ( n = 6 or 7) with Diets I, II, and III containing 0, 36.7, and 73.5% rice bran and 0, 306, and 612 ppb As, respectively. Pigs were fed for 6 weeks, and their growth performance and daily activities were examined. Fecal, blood, and hair samples were collected immediately before and after the 6-weeks. At the end of the 6-weeks, pigs were slaughtered; the liver, kidney, muscle, and urine samples were collected. No pig showed any unhealthy signs throughout the trial. The average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and final body weight of Diet III pigs were lower ( p ≤ 0.001) than Diet I pigs. The gain to feed ratios were not different among the treatments. The fecal, hair, kidney, and urinary As concentrations of both Diets II and III pigs were higher than Diet I pigs. The hair As concentration of Diet III pigs was higher than Diet II pigs, but no difference was found in the fecal, urinary, kidney, or muscle As concentrations between Diets II and III pigs. The blood and muscle As concentrations were below 10 ppb. These results suggest that 73.5% dietary rice bran inclusion compromised growth performance, whereas the 36.7% inclusion did not. The fecal As data imply that dietary As was poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The tissue As data indicate that the absorbed As was rapidly cleared from the blood with some retained in various organs and others eliminated via urine. The hair As concentration was much higher than that of liver and kidney. The muscle As data suggest that the pork produced from the pigs fed a typical As-containing rice bran as used in this study is safe for human consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Shengfa F. Liao & M. Shamimul Hasan & Zhongyue Yang & Andrew W. Stevens & James Brett & Zhaohua Peng, 2020. "Feeding Arsenic-Containing Rice Bran to Growing Pigs: Growth Performance, Arsenic Tissue Distribution, and Arsenic Excretion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8530-:d:446540
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Yan-xia & Chen, Tong-bin, 2005. "Concentrations of additive arsenic in Beijing pig feeds and the residues in pig manure," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 356-367.
    2. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    3. Sidney A. Katz, 2019. "On the Use of Hair Analysis for Assessing Arsenic Intoxication," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Noelle Liao & Edmund Seto & Brenda Eskenazi & May Wang & Yan Li & Jenna Hua, 2018. "A Comprehensive Review of Arsenic Exposure and Risk from Rice and a Risk Assessment among a Cohort of Adolescents in Kunming, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, October.
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