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Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Maddalena De Maria

    (Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Federico Ferro

    (Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Davide Ausili

    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy)

  • Rosaria Alvaro

    (Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Maria Grazia De Marinis

    (Research Unit of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 00128 Rome, Italy)

  • Stefania Di Mauro

    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy)

  • Maria Matarese

    (Research Unit of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 00128 Rome, Italy)

  • Ercole Vellone

    (Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Aim: To develop the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) scale and to test its psychometric characteristics in the general population. Methods: We tested SCOVID scale content validity with 19 experts. For factorial and construct validity, reliability, and measurement error, we administered the 20-item SCOVID scale to a sample of 461 Italians in May/June 2020 (mean age: 48.8, SD ± 15.8). Results: SCOVID scale item content validity ranged between 0.85–1.00, and the total scale content validity was 0.94. Confirmatory factor analysis supported SCOVID scale factorial validity (comparative fit index = 0.91; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with other instrument scores measuring self-efficacy, positivity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Reliability estimates were good with factor score determinacy, composite reliability, global reliability index, Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability ranging between 0.71–0.91. The standard error of measurement was adequate. Conclusions: The SCOVID scale is a new instrument measuring self-care in the COVID-19 pandemic with adequate validity and reliability. The SCOVID scale can be used in practice and research for assessing self-care in the COVID-19 pandemic to preventing COVID-19 infection and maintaining wellbeing in the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Maddalena De Maria & Federico Ferro & Davide Ausili & Rosaria Alvaro & Maria Grazia De Marinis & Stefania Di Mauro & Maria Matarese & Ercole Vellone, 2020. "Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7834-:d:434881
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bagozzi, Richard P, 1983. "Issues in the Application of Covariance Structure Analysis: A Further Comment," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 9(4), pages 449-450, March.
    2. Fornell, Claes, 1983. "Issues in the Application of Covariance Structure Analysis: A Comment," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 9(4), pages 443-448, March.
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