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Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals?

Author

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  • Keiko Fujimoto

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan)

  • Hideki Suito

    (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan)

  • Kan Nagao

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan)

  • Tetsuo Ichikawa

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan)

Abstract

Mastication plays a primary role in the process of eating. Hence, compromised masticatory ability may affect the nutrition and quality of life, which are particularly important concerns among older individuals. It remains unclear how is the masticatory ability assessed regarding the nutritional status. We examined the effect of various oral factors on three masticatory ability tests conducted among older individuals. A total of 100 older individuals were enrolled in this study. Body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of nutritional status; and age, sex, and the number of occlusal and molar occlusal supports as clinical attributes were recorded. Three masticatory ability tests (masticatory efficiency, masticatory score, and satisfaction with mastication) were conducted, and tongue pressure, cheek pressure, and occlusal force were assessed as oral functions. A significant but weak correlation was found between masticatory efficiency and the masticatory score, but not between masticatory efficiency and satisfaction score. Objective masticatory efficiency was strongly associated with objective oral factors, whereas subjective assessments of masticatory ability (masticatory score and satisfaction score) were not. Furthermore, BMI was significantly associated with subjective assessments of masticatory ability but not with objective masticatory efficiency. Both subjective and objective assessments of masticatory ability, along with considerations of nutritional formulations, are required for the maintenance and improvement of nutritional status in older individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Keiko Fujimoto & Hideki Suito & Kan Nagao & Tetsuo Ichikawa, 2020. "Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7373-:d:425513
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Virginia Vettori & Chiara Lorini & Chiara Milani & Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, 2019. "Towards the Implementation of a Conceptual Framework of Food and Nutrition Literacy: Providing Healthy Eating for the Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Yoshiaki Kawakami & Jun Hamano, 2020. "Changes in Body Mass Index, Energy Intake, and Fluid Intake over 60 Months Premortem as Prognostic Factors in Frail Elderly: A Post-Death Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-9, March.
    3. Daiki Watanabe & Tsukasa Yoshida & Keiichi Yokoyama & Yasuko Yoshinaka & Yuya Watanabe & Takeshi Kikutani & Mitsuyoshi Yoshida & Yosuke Yamada & Misaka Kimura & Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group, 2020. "Association between Mixing Ability of Masticatory Functions Measured Using Color-Changing Chewing Gum and Frailty among Japanese Older Adults: The Kyoto–Kameoka Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
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