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Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Shaden A. M. Khalifa

    (Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Briksam S. Mohamed

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt)

  • Mohamed H. Elashal

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt)

  • Ming Du

    (School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Zhiming Guo

    (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Chao Zhao

    (College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)

  • Syed Ghulam Musharraf

    (H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Mohammad H. Boskabady

    (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran)

  • Haged H. R. El-Seedi

    (Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University (RSU), 16 Dzirciema iela, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia)

  • Thomas Efferth

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany)

  • Hesham R. El-Seedi

    (Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
    H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
    International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

Abstract

Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaden A. M. Khalifa & Briksam S. Mohamed & Mohamed H. Elashal & Ming Du & Zhiming Guo & Chao Zhao & Syed Ghulam Musharraf & Mohammad H. Boskabady & Haged H. R. El-Seedi & Thomas Efferth & Hesham R. E, 2020. "Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5813-:d:397598
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pai, Chintamani & Bhaskar, Ankush & Rawoot, Vaibhav, 2020. "Investigating the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic in India under lockdown," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Guglielmo Briscese & Nicola Lacetera & Mario Macis & Mirco Tonin, 2020. "Compliance with Covid-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration," CESifo Working Paper Series 8182, CESifo.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chaeyoung Lee & Soobin Kwak & Junseok Kim, 2021. "Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks with Financial Incentives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Shaden A. M. Khalifa & Mahmoud M. Swilam & Aida A. Abd El-Wahed & Ming Du & Haged H. R. El-Seedi & Guoyin Kai & Saad H. D. Masry & Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim & Xiaobo Zou & Mohammed F. Halabi & Sultan M. A, 2021. "Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Xue Zhang & Mildred E. Warner, 2020. "COVID-19 Policy Differences across US States: Shutdowns, Reopening, and Mask Mandates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-17, December.

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