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Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana

    (Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain)

  • José María Fernández-Batanero

    (Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Curtis Fennell

    (Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA)

  • Borja Sañudo

    (Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain)

Abstract

This study assesses the associations of objectively-measured smartphone time with physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns among young adults by collecting real-time data of the smartphone screen-state. The sample consisted of 306 college-aged students (mean age ± SD: 20.7 ± 1.4 years; 60% males). Over seven days of time, the following variables were measured in the participants: objectively-measured smartphone use (Your Hour and Screen Time applications), objective and subjective physical activity (GoogleFit and Apple Health applications, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), mood (The Profile of Mood State (POMS)), and sleep (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)). Multiple regressions analyses showed that the number of hours sitting per day, physical activity, and the POMS Global Score significantly predicted smartphone use (adj.R2 = 0.15). Further, participants with low levels of physical activity were more likely to increase the use of smartphones (OR = 2.981). Moreover, mood state ( β = 0.185; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.32) and sleep quality ( β = 0.076; 95% CI = −0.06, 0.21) predicted smartphone use, with those reporting poor quality of sleep (PSQI index >5) being more likely to use the smartphone (OR = 2.679). In conclusion, there is an association between objectively-measured smartphone use and physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns. Those participants with low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, poor mood state, and poor sleep quality were more likely to spend more time using their smartphones.

Suggested Citation

  • Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana & José María Fernández-Batanero & Curtis Fennell & Borja Sañudo, 2020. "Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3499-:d:359294
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tarun Reddy Katapally & Luan Manh Chu, 2019. "Methodology to Derive Objective Screen-State from Smartphones: A SMART Platform Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Ariane Ghekiere & Jelle Van Cauwenberg & Ann Vandendriessche & Joanna Inchley & Margarida Gaspar de Matos & Alberto Borraccino & Inese Gobina & Jorma Tynjälä & Benedicte Deforche & Bart De Clercq, 2019. "Trends in sleeping difficulties among European adolescents: Are these associated with physical inactivity and excessive screen time?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(4), pages 487-498, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Haitao Zhao & Chuntian Lu & Cuixia Yi, 2023. "Physical Activity and Sleep Quality Association in Different Populations: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Wenxi Liu & Qin Yuan & Nan Zeng & Daniel J. McDonough & Kun Tao & Qingwen Peng & Zan Gao, 2021. "Relationships between College Students’ Sedentary Behavior, Sleep Quality, and Body Mass Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Hongxing Chen & Guodong Zhang & Zhenhuan Wang & Siyuan Feng & Hansen Li, 2022. "The Associations between Daytime Physical Activity, While-in-Bed Smartphone Use, Sleep Delay, and Sleep Quality: A 24-h Investigation among Chinese College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Da-Hye Yim & Youngsang Kwon, 2021. "Does Young Adults’ Neighborhood Environment Affect Their Depressive Mood? Insights from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.

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