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Trans* Pregnancy and Lactation: A Literature Review from a Nursing Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Jesús Manuel García-Acosta

    (Faculty of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)

  • Rosa María San Juan-Valdivia

    (Madrid Health Service (SERMAS), Hospital Central de la Defensa, 28047 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alfredo David Fernández-Martínez

    (Department of Education Counseling Universities, Culture and Sports, Government of the Canary Islands, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)

  • Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha

    (The Faculty of Nursing Nª Sª de La Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)

  • Maria Elisa Castro-Peraza

    (The Faculty of Nursing Nª Sª de La Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)

Abstract

Pregnancy and lactation involve two aspects that are socially and culturally associated with women. However, there are a few biological differences between male and female breast tissue. Lactation and pregnancy are viable processes that do not depend on sex. Even for the latter, it is only necessary to have an organ capable of gestation. Ways to favor mammogenesis and lactogenesis in trans* women have been established. There are protocols to promote lactation in trans* women, usually used for adoptive mothers or those whose children have been born through gestational surrogacy. Chestfeeding a baby could be the cause of feelings as diverse as gender dysphoria in the case of trans* men, and euphoria and affirmation of femininity in trans* women. This study involves a review of the available scientific literature addressing medical aspects related to pregnancy and lactation in trans* individuals, giving special attention to nursing care during perinatal care. There are scarce studies addressing care and specifically nursing care in trans* pregnancy and lactation. Our study indicates the factors that can be modified and the recommendations for optimizing the care provided to these individuals in order to promote and maintain the lactation period in search of improvement and satisfaction with the whole process.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesús Manuel García-Acosta & Rosa María San Juan-Valdivia & Alfredo David Fernández-Martínez & Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha & Maria Elisa Castro-Peraza, 2019. "Trans* Pregnancy and Lactation: A Literature Review from a Nursing Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2019:i:1:p:44-:d:299809
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maria-Elisa de-Castro-Peraza & Jesús Manuel García-Acosta & Naira Delgado-Rodriguez & Maria Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez & Rosa Llabrés-Solé & Carla Cardona-Llabrés & Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha, 2019. "Biological, Psychological, Social, and Legal Aspects of Trans Parenthood Based on a Real Case—A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Bradford, J. & Reisner, S.L. & Honnold, J.A. & Xavier, J., 2013. "Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: Results from the Virginia transgender health initiative study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(10), pages 1820-1829.
    3. V. Mani & Catarina Delgado, 2019. "Review of Literature," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: Supply Chain Social Sustainability for Manufacturing, chapter 0, pages 11-80, Springer.
    4. Jesús Manuel García-Acosta & Maria Elisa Castro-Peraza & Ángeles Arias Rodriguez & María Luisa Perez-Cánovas & Maria Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez & Rosa Llabrés-Solé & Ana María Perdomo-Hernández & Nieves , 2019. "Impact of a Formative Program on Transgender Healthcare for Nursing Students and Health Professionals. Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brennen T. Fagan & George W. A. Constable & Richard Law, 2024. "Maternal transmission as a microbial symbiont sieve, and the absence of lactation in male mammals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Quinn, Elizabeth A. & Sobonya, Sarah & Palmquist, Aunchalee E.L., 2023. "Maternal perceptions of human milk expression output: An experimental design using photographs of milk," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).

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