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Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sailent Rizki Sari Simaremare

    (Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chien-Che Hung

    (Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chia-Jung Hsieh

    (Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan)

  • Lih-Ming Yiin

    (Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan)

Abstract

We conducted a pilot study to examine the relationship between organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides in blood and their metabolites in urine. A total of 30 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, and blood and urine was sampled from each subject during a regular clinic visit. Two OP and nine PYR insecticides were selected for blood sample analysis, while six OP and five PYR metabolites were analyzed for urine specimens. Both types of samples were processed and analyzed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For OPs in blood, chlorpyrifos had a higher mean concentration (73.33 µg/L) than terbufos. For PYRs in blood, cypermethrin and imiprothrin were the most frequently detected species with the highest mean concentrations (151.25 and 141.25 µg/L). The concentrations of PYRs appeared to be higher than that of OPs, and the most frequently detected PYRs were commonly used in domestic products, suggesting that the exposure could mostly originate from use of domestic insecticides. The correlation between insecticides in blood and their metabolites in urine was significantly high ( r = 0.795 for OPs and 0.882 for PYRs, p < 0.001), indicating routine exposure at a steady state. Residents should be cautious with domestic use of insecticide products to lower their exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Sailent Rizki Sari Simaremare & Chien-Che Hung & Chia-Jung Hsieh & Lih-Ming Yiin, 2019. "Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2019:i:1:p:34-:d:299505
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ming Ye & Jeremy Beach & Jonathan W. Martin & Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, 2013. "Occupational Pesticide Exposures and Respiratory Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-30, November.
    2. Dana Boyd Barr & Lee-Yang Wong & Roberto Bravo & Gayanga Weerasekera & Martins Odetokun & Paula Restrepo & Do-Gyun Kim & Carolina Fernandez & Ralph D. Whitehead Jr. & Jose Perez & Maribel Gallegos & B, 2011. "Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-36, July.
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