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Researching Parental Socialization Styles across Three Cultural Contexts: Scale ESPA29 Bi-Dimensional Validity in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Isabel Martínez

    (Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares 44, 16071 Cuenca, Spain)

  • Fernando Garcia

    (Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • María C. Fuentes

    (Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Feliciano Veiga

    (Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Oscar F. Garcia

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Yara Rodrigues

    (Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Edie Cruise

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, D-54296 Trier, Germany)

  • Emilia Serra

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Recent research that relates parenting with adolescent adjustment has shown the importance of considering the cultural context of the relationship. New results are emerging when considering the classical four-typologies model of parental socialization in some European and South-American countries. Among the instruments used in this emergent research is the Parental Socialization Scale ESPA29. This scale is a bi-dimensional parenting instrument that was specifically developed to measure the four parenting typologies, through the dimensions of acceptance/involvement and strictness/imposition. This study examines the good fit of the orthogonal bi-factor model based on the ESPA29 versus one-dimensional and bi-dimensional oblique alternative models, with three adolescent samples from 12 to 17 years old (53.4% girls), from Spain ( N = 826), Portugal ( N = 752), and Brazil ( N = 628). We applied structural equation models (SEMs) to analyze the fit of the models to the data. The results confirm a better fit to the data for the orthogonal bi-factor model versus one-dimensional and bi-dimensional oblique alternative models across country, adolescent sex, and the three age groups. Additionally, the convergent validity of the scale was proved by showing the relation of the two parenting dimensions with self-concept. The results guarantee the adequacy of the ESPA29 to measure parenting styles.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Martínez & Fernando Garcia & María C. Fuentes & Feliciano Veiga & Oscar F. Garcia & Yara Rodrigues & Edie Cruise & Emilia Serra, 2019. "Researching Parental Socialization Styles across Three Cultural Contexts: Scale ESPA29 Bi-Dimensional Validity in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:197-:d:196990
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. María C. Fuentes & Rafael García-Ros & Francisco Pérez-González & Dolores Sancerni, 2019. "Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2019. "Which Parenting Style Encourages Healthy Lifestyles in Teenage Children? Proposal for a Model of Integrative Parenting Styles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-7, June.
    3. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2020. "Parenting and Healthy Teenage Lifestyles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Miriam Gallarin & Barbara Torres-Gomez & Itziar Alonso-Arbiol, 2021. "Aggressiveness in Adopted and Non-Adopted Teens: The Role of Parenting, Attachment Security, and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Pilar Ridao & Isabel López-Verdugo & Carmen Reina-Flores, 2021. "Parental Beliefs about Childhood and Adolescence from a Longitudinal Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Anna M. Bujnowska & Celestino Rodríguez & Trinidad García & Débora Areces & Nigel V. Marsh, 2019. "Parenting and Future Anxiety: The Impact of Having a Child with Developmental Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.

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