IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i18p3238-d263937.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The “Motor of the Day”: Parent and School-Age Children’s Cognitions, Barriers, and Supports for Breakfast

Author

Listed:
  • Kaitlyn M. Eck

    (Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA)

  • Colleen L. Delaney

    (Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA)

  • Rashel L. Clark

    (Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, 1194 Evansdale Dr. G28, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Miriam P. Leary

    (Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, 1194 Evansdale Dr. G28, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Karla Pagan Shelnutt

    (Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Melissa D. Olfert

    (Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, 1194 Evansdale Dr. G28, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Carol Byrd-Bredbenner

    (Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA)

Abstract

Despite the many benefits of regular breakfast consumption few parents and children consume this meal every day and research examining the determinants of breakfast consumption is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine breakfast-related cognitions (i.e., beliefs, attitudes, facilitators, barriers) of parents and school-age children (ages 6–11 years) using the constructs of Social Cognitive Theory as a guide. Parents ( n = 37) and children ( n = 41) participated in focus group discussions held in community settings in 3 states (FL, NJ, WV). Data were qualitatively content analyzed to detect trends. Parents felt breakfast was important for numerous reasons. Parents expressed concern about the healthfulness of some traditional breakfast options, preferring breakfasts containing mostly fruits, vegetables, and protein and fewer carbohydrates. Parents identified lack of time as the greatest barrier to breakfast consumption. To overcome this barrier, they utilized grab-and-go foods, prepared breakfast ahead of time, and got up earlier. Utilizing the school breakfast program was another strategy mentioned, however some were concerned about the nutritional quality of this option. Children recognized the importance of breakfast and cited several benefits. The greatest barrier to breakfast identified by children was feeling rushed in the morning. To overcome barriers, children suggested having a morning routine, selecting or preparing breakfast foods ahead, and relying on parents to encourage breakfast consumption. The effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve breakfast intake may be improved by addressing parent and child breakfast-related cognitions and tailoring interventions to address their needs.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaitlyn M. Eck & Colleen L. Delaney & Rashel L. Clark & Miriam P. Leary & Karla Pagan Shelnutt & Melissa D. Olfert & Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, 2019. "The “Motor of the Day”: Parent and School-Age Children’s Cognitions, Barriers, and Supports for Breakfast," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-15, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3238-:d:263937
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3238/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3238/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carine Vereecken & Marie Dupuy & Mette Rasmussen & Colette Kelly & Tonja Nansel & Haleama Al Sabbah & Daniela Baldassari & Marina Jordan & Lea Maes & Birgit Niclasen & Namanjeet Ahluwalia, 2009. "Breakfast consumption and its socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates in schoolchildren in 41 countries participating in the HBSC study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(2), pages 180-190, September.
    2. repec:mpr:mprres:6144 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Sean P. Corcoran & Brian Elbel & Amy Ellen Schwartz, 2016. "The Effect of Breakfast in the Classroom on Obesity and Academic Performance: Evidence from New York City," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(3), pages 509-532, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Miroslav Poje & Iva Marinić & Aleksandar Stanisavljević & Iva Rechner Dika, 2024. "Environmental Education on Sustainable Principles in Kindergartens—A Foundation or an Option?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Boris Chapoton & Véronique Régnier Denois & Mabrouk Nekaa & Franck Chauvin & Valentin Flaudias, 2020. "Social Networking Sites and Perceived Content Influence: An Exploratory Analysis from Focus Groups with French Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-27, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Meng Wang & Jie-Ming Zhong & Hao Wang & Ming Zhao & Wei-Wei Gong & Jin Pan & Fang-Rong Fei & Hai-Bin Wu & Min Yu, 2016. "Breakfast Consumption and Its Associations with Health-Related Behaviors among School-Aged Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Augusto Moraes & Rômulo Fernandes & Diego Christofaro & Arli Oliveira & Alika Nakashima & Felipe Reichert & Mário Falcão, 2010. "Nutrition-related habits and associated factors of Brazilian adolescents," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(6), pages 661-667, December.
    3. Andres Cuadros‐Meñaca & Michael R. Thomsen & Rodolfo M. Nayga, 2023. "School breakfast and student behavior," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 105(1), pages 99-121, January.
    4. Jaroslava Voráčová & Erik Sigmund & Dagmar Sigmundová & Michal Kalman, 2016. "Family Affluence and the Eating Habits of 11- to 15-Year-Old Czech Adolescents: HBSC 2002 and 2014," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
    5. Amy Ellen Schwartz & Michah W. Rothbart, 2020. "Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact of Universal Free Meals on Student Performance," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(2), pages 376-410, March.
    6. Bíró, Éva & Dezső, Dóra & Sándor, János & Ádány, Róza, 2018. "Inequalities in Hungarian adolescents' health, health behaviour and well-being, based upon the results of a cross-sectional survey at settlement level, using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Childr," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 15-20.
    7. Davis, Will & Kreisman, Daniel & Musaddiq, Tareena, 2023. "The Effect of Universal Free School Meals on Child BMI," IZA Discussion Papers 16387, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Daniel Borbely & Markus Gehrsitz & Stuart McIntyre & Gennaro Rossi, 2022. "Does the Provision of Universal Free School Meals Improve School Attendance and Behaviour?," Working Papers 22-5, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
    9. Nolan, Anne & Smyth, Emer, 2020. "Clusters of health behaviours among young adults in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number RS101.
    10. Cuadros-Meñaca, Andres & Thomsen, Michael R. & Nayga, Rodolfo M., 2022. "The effect of breakfast after the bell on student academic achievement," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    11. Watson, Michelle & Velardo, Stefania & Drummond, Murray, 2020. "Perspectives of the key stakeholders of the KickStart for Kids school breakfast program," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    12. José Antonio Ponce-Blandón & María Eduarda Deitos-Vasquez & Rocío Romero-Castillo & Diogo da Rosa-Viana & José Miguel Robles-Romero & Jussara Mendes-Lipinski, 2020. "Sedentary Behaviors of a School Population in Brazil and Related Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-13, September.
    13. Marina B. Kotova & Sergey A. Maksimov & Oksana M. Drapkina, 2022. "Gender, Age, Family and Territorial Features of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in Russian Youths," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-14, May.
    14. Sally Lawrence Bullock & Spring Dawson-McClure & Kimberly Parker Truesdale & Dianne Stanton Ward & Allison E. Aiello & Alice S. Ammerman, 2022. "Associations between a Universal Free Breakfast Policy and School Breakfast Program Participation, School Attendance, and Weight Status: A District-Wide Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-13, March.
    15. Shin-Il Lim & Sookyung Jeong, 2022. "The Relationship between the Frequency of Breakfast Consumption, Conversation with Parents, and Somatic Symptoms in Children: A Three-Wave Latent Growth Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, October.
    16. Agustina Laurito & Amy Ellen Schwartz, 2019. "Does School Lunch Fill the “SNAP Gap” at the End of the Month?," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(1), pages 49-82, July.
    17. Altindag, Duha T. & Baek, Deokrye & Lee, Hong & Merkle, Jessica, 2020. "Free lunch for all? The impact of universal school lunch on student misbehavior," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    18. Michah W. Rothbart & Amy Ellen Schwartz & Emily Gutierrez, 2023. "Paying for Free Lunch: The Impact of CEP Universal Free Meals on Revenues, Spending, and Student Health," Education Finance and Policy, MIT Press, vol. 18(4), pages 708-737, Fall.
    19. Abouk, Rahi & Adams, Scott, 2022. "Breakfast After the Bell: The Effects of Expanding Access to School Breakfasts on the Weight and Achievement of Elementary School Children," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    20. Melissa Pflugh Prescott & Judith A. Gilbride & Sean P. Corcoran & Brian Elbel & Kathleen Woolf & Roland O. Ofori & Amy Ellen Schwartz, 2022. "The Relationship between School Infrastructure and School Nutrition Program Participation and Policies in New York City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3238-:d:263937. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.