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Association between Level of Empathy, Attitude towards Physical Education and Victimization in Adolescents: A Multi-Group Structural Equation Analysis

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  • Víctor Arufe-Giráldez

    (Department of Specific Didactics and Methods of Research and Diagnosis in Education, University of Coruña, 15001 Coruña, Spain)

  • Félix Zurita-Ortega

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Rosario Padial-Ruz

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Manuel Castro-Sánchez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

Currently, there is a problem related to violence and tolerance towards violence, and the levels of empathy of the subjects can affect this, in addition to the practice of physical activity. The present study sought to define and contrast an explanatory model of victimization, empathy and attitude towards physical education, and to analyze the existing relationships between these variables as a function of engagement with physical activity. A total of 2388 adolescents from Spain participated in this research. The sample was made up of both sexes (43.39% males and 56.61% females), with ages reported between 11 and 17 years (M = 13.85; SD = 1.26). Empathy (TECA), attitude towards physical education (CAEF) and victimization (EV) were measured. A multi-group structural equation model was developed, which showed excellent fit to the empirical data (χ 2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.957; normalized fit index (NFI) = 0.954; incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.957; root mean squared error of the mean (RMSEA) = 0.054). A direct positive relationship exists between affective and cognitive empathy. A positive association was found between motivational climate and engagement in physical activity. With regards to victimization, the verbal dimension obtained the highest correlation score, followed by the relational and physical dimensions. In the case of adolescents who regularly engaged in physical activity, the verbal and physical dimensions presented the weakest correlations, whilst the relational dimension was the most strongly associated in the case of sedentary adolescents. The main conclusions of the present study it is that the relationship between affective empathy and cognitive empathy is positive and direct, however, this relationship is slightly stronger and differentiated in sedentary adolescents than in those who practice physical activity on a regular basis.

Suggested Citation

  • Víctor Arufe-Giráldez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Rosario Padial-Ruz & Manuel Castro-Sánchez, 2019. "Association between Level of Empathy, Attitude towards Physical Education and Victimization in Adolescents: A Multi-Group Structural Equation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:13:p:2360-:d:245401
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manuel Castro-Sánchez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Eduardo García-Marmol & Ramón Chacón-Cuberos, 2019. "Motivational Climate in Sport Is Associated with Life Stress Levels, Academic Performance and Physical Activity Engagement of Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Diana Amado-Alonso & Benito León-del-Barco & Santiago Mendo-Lázaro & Pedro A. Sánchez-Miguel & Damián Iglesias Gallego, 2019. "Emotional Intelligence and the Practice of Organized Physical-Sport Activity in Children," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Giovanni Di Bartolomeo & Stefano Papa, 2019. "The Effects of Physical Activity on Social Interactions: The Case of Trust and Trustworthiness," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 20(1), pages 50-71, January.
    4. Gabriella Olsson & Sara Brolin Låftman & Bitte Modin, 2017. "School Collective Efficacy and Bullying Behaviour: A Multilevel Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-12, December.
    5. T. Wing Lo & Christopher H. K. Cheng, 2018. "Predicting Effects of the Self and Contextual Factors on Violence: A Comparison between School Students and Youth Offenders in Macau," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, February.
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    1. Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & José Luis Ubago-Jiménez & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Gabriel González-Valero, 2022. "Motivational Climate, Anxiety and Physical Self-Concept in Trainee Physical Education Teachers—An Explanatory Model Regarding Physical Activity Practice Time," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, October.

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