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XRD-Thermal Combined Analyses: An Approach to Evaluate the Potential of Phytoremediation, Phytomining, and Biochar Production

Author

Listed:
  • Dario Fancello

    (Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy)

  • Jessica Scalco

    (Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy)

  • Daniela Medas

    (Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy)

  • Elisa Rodeghero

    (Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Annalisa Martucci

    (Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Carlo Meneghini

    (Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Giovanni De Giudici

    (Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy)

Abstract

A method for evaluating the potential of reuse of biomasses for economic purposes is here presented starting from a case study. Juncus acutus plants and rhizospheres were harvested from abandoned Zn–Pb mine areas of southwest Sardinia (Italy). Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal analyses were performed to evaluate the temperatures at which significant reactions occur. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out on raw samples and on samples heated ex-situ (by a conventional diffractometer) or in-situ (by synchrotron-based diffraction). Raw samples mainly consist of quartz, phyllosilicates, and feldspars with minor amounts of sulfides, sulfates, and Fe, Pb, and Zn carbonates, concentrated in the rhizosphere. After heating, Zn and Fe oxides and willemite are observed in internal roots and stems, revealing the presence of these metals in the plant tissues. In-situ heating was less effective than ex-situ in revealing minor phases in organic samples, probably because the scarcity of oxygen within the sample holder did not allow the degradation of organic compounds and the oxidation of sulfides, resulting in a low quality XRD signal even if obtained with the high resolution ensured by a synchrotron light source. This method can be applied to plants from polluted sites for metal exploitation, and/or to biomasses from unpolluted sites for biochar production, since both applications take advantage of the knowledge of the minerals formed after heating.

Suggested Citation

  • Dario Fancello & Jessica Scalco & Daniela Medas & Elisa Rodeghero & Annalisa Martucci & Carlo Meneghini & Giovanni De Giudici, 2019. "XRD-Thermal Combined Analyses: An Approach to Evaluate the Potential of Phytoremediation, Phytomining, and Biochar Production," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:1976-:d:237008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stefano Cuccuru & Stefano Naitza & Francesco Secchi & Antonio Puccini & Leonardo Casini & Pamela Pavanetto & Ulf Linnemann & Mandy Hofmann & Giacomo Oggiano, 2016. "Structural and metallogenic map of late Variscan Arbus Pluton (SW Sardinia, Italy)," Journal of Maps, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 860-865, October.
    2. Mohammad I. Jahirul & Mohammad G. Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury & Nanjappa Ashwath, 2012. "Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-50, November.
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