IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2018i1p59-d193340.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Prevalence of Alcohol and Tobacco Use among Men and Women in Namibia

Author

Listed:
  • Zhifei He

    (School of Politics and Public Administration, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Chongqing 401120, China)

  • Ghose Bishwajit

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada)

  • Sanni Yaya

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada)

Abstract

Namibia is known to have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Individuals who smoke are more likely to drink, and vice versa. It was reported that the individual rewarding effect of drinking and smoking were reported to be higher than when they are used at the same time. In this study our objective was to examine the individual and combined prevalence of drinking and smoking and investigate their sociodemographic correlates among adolescent and adult men and women in Namibia. This study was based on data from Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2013). Sample population were 14,185 men and women aged between 15 and 64 years. Self-reported tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption patterns were the outcome variables. Data were analysed using complex sampling techniques to account for survey design. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to measure the association between drinking and smoking with the sociodemographic factors. The prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was, respectively, 53.1% (51.5–54.6) and 8.8% (8.1–9.5), and that of both drinking and smoking was 6.9% (6.3–7.6). In the regression analysis, several sociodemographic factors were found to be significantly associated with alcohol and tobacco use including age, area of residence, religion and educational status. Overall, women had higher rates of drinking alcohol; however, men had higher rates of engaging in high risk drinking. Men and women who reported drinking alcohol had, respectively, 2.57 and 4.60 times higher odds of smoking. Findings suggest that the prevalence of drinking was higher than that of smoking, with men having higher prevalence of high risk drinking. Men and women who drink alcohol were more likely to be smokers. The prevalence of both alcohol and tobacco use showed important sociodemographic patterns which need to be taken into consideration in designing prevention and intervention programs. Strategic tobacco control and smoking cessation approaches should pay particular attention to alcohol users.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhifei He & Ghose Bishwajit & Sanni Yaya, 2018. "Prevalence of Alcohol and Tobacco Use among Men and Women in Namibia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2018:i:1:p:59-:d:193340
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/59/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/59/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shangfeng Tang & Ghose Bishwajit & Tegene Regassa Luba & Sanni Yaya, 2018. "Prevalence of Smoking among Men in Ethiopia and Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Carina Ferreira-Borges & Charles D.H. Parry & Thomas F. Babor, 2017. "Harmful Use of Alcohol: A Shadow over Sub-Saharan Africa in Need of Workable Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Colin D Mathers & Dejan Loncar, 2006. "Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(11), pages 1-20, November.
    4. Zhu, B.-P. & Giovino, G.A. & Mowery, P.D. & Eriksen, M.P., 1996. "The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: Implications for categorizing persons' educational status," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 86(11), pages 1582-1589.
    5. Jacqueline Tumwine, 2011. "Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Africa: Current Status of Legislation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-20, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hadii M. Mamudu & Pooja Subedi & Ali E. Alamin & Sreenivas P. Veeranki & Daniel Owusu & Amy Poole & Lazarous Mbulo & A.E. Ogwell Ouma & Adekunle Oke, 2018. "The Progress of Tobacco Control Research in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Past 50 Years: A Systematic Review of the Design and Methods of the Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Jia Lu & Shabana Jamani & Joseph Benjamen & Eric Agbata & Olivia Magwood & Kevin Pottie, 2020. "Global Mental Health and Services for Migrants in Primary Care Settings in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-28, November.
    3. Eldon Spackman & Stewart Richmond & Mark Sculpher & Martin Bland & Stephen Brealey & Rhian Gabe & Ann Hopton & Ada Keding & Harriet Lansdown & Sara Perren & David Torgerson & Ian Watt & Hugh MacPherso, 2014. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Acupuncture, Counselling and Usual Care in Treating Patients with Depression: The Results of the ACUDep Trial," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-12, November.
    4. Peele, Morgan & Wolf, Sharon, 2020. "Predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among teachers in Ghana: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    5. Carsten Hinrichsen & Vibeke Jenny Koushede & Katrine Rich Madsen & Line Nielsen & Nanna Gram Ahlmark & Ziggi Ivan Santini & Charlotte Meilstrup, 2020. "Implementing Mental Health Promotion Initiatives—Process Evaluation of the ABCs of Mental Health in Denmark," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-26, August.
    6. Hunt-McCool, Janet & Bishop, Dawn M., 1998. "Health economics and the economics of education: specialization and division of labor," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 237-244, June.
    7. Emmanuel Peprah & Elisabet Caler & Anya Snyder & Fassil Ketema, 2020. "Deconstructing Syndemics: The Many Layers of Clustering Multi-Comorbidities in People Living with HIV," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-7, June.
    8. Hoehun Ha & Wei Tu, 2018. "An Ecological Study on the Spatially Varying Relationship between County-Level Suicide Rates and Altitude in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Eduardo Martínez-Martínez & María Luisa Zaragoza & Elmer Solano & Brenda Figueroa & Patricia Zúñiga & Juan P Laclette, 2012. "Health Research Funding in Mexico: The Need for a Long-Term Agenda," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(12), pages 1-11, December.
    10. G. Guindon, 2014. "The impact of tobacco prices on smoking onset in Vietnam: duration analyses of retrospective data," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 15(1), pages 19-39, January.
    11. Jessica Pinaire & Jérôme Azé & Sandra Bringay & Guillaume Cayla & Paul Landais, 2019. "Hospital burden of coronary artery disease: Trends of myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary interventions in France 2009–2014," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, May.
    12. Nuño, Roberto & Coleman, Katie & Bengoa, Rafael & Sauto, Regina, 2012. "Integrated care for chronic conditions: The contribution of the ICCC Framework," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 55-64.
    13. Hsiu-Ju Chang & Chien-Chang Liao & Chaur-Jong Hu & Winston W Shen & Ta-Liang Chen, 2013. "Psychiatric Disorders after Epilepsy Diagnosis: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-7, April.
    14. Hui-Hsin Ko & Wu-Chien Chien & Yen-Hung Lin & Chi-Hsiang Chung & Shih-Jung Cheng, 2017. "Examining the correlation between diabetes and odontogenic infection: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Yu-Wei Roy Chen & Janice M Leung & Don D Sin, 2016. "A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Biomarkers of COPD Exacerbation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    16. D. K. Shangodoyin & A. O. Adebile & J. F. Ojo & J. O. Olaomi, 2012. "Time series model for predicting the mean death rate of a disease," Statistics in Transition new series, Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Polska), vol. 13(2), pages 405-418, June.
    17. Moyer, Jonathan D. & Hedden, Steve, 2020. "Are we on the right path to achieve the sustainable development goals?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    18. Lagravinese, R. & Moscone, F. & Tosetti, E. & Lee, H., 2014. "The impact of air pollution on hospital admissions: Evidence from Italy," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 278-285.
    19. Ahmad Salman & Maha Sellami & Abdulla Saeed AL-Mohannadi & Sungsoo Chun, 2019. "The Associations between Mental Well-Being and Adherence to Physical Activity Guidelines in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the Scottish Health Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-13, September.
    20. Kuan-Yin Lin & Chi-Chuan Wang & Chia-Hui Lin & Wang-Huei Sheng & Shan-Chwen Chang, 2015. "Fluoroquinolones versus β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Outpatients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumonia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-12, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2018:i:1:p:59-:d:193340. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.