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Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Author

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  • Andre Santos Nouri

    (University of Lisbon, Faculty of Architecture, CIAUD—Research Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Design, Rua Sá Nogeuira, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1349-063 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Ioannis Charalampopoulos

    (Laboratory of General and Agricultural Meteorology, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece)

  • Andreas Matzarakis

    (Research Centre Human Biometeorology, German Meteorological Service, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
    Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany)

Abstract

Centered on hot dry Mediterranean summer climates, this study assesses the climatic data that was extracted from Lisbon’s meteorological station between the years of 2012 and 2016. Focused on the summer period, existing outdoor human thermal comfort levels that are already prone to extreme heat stress thresholds were evaluated. Such an assessment was rooted around identifying the relationship and discrepancies between singular climatic variables (e.g., air Temperature (T a )); and adapted thermos-physiological indices (e.g., the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET)), which also consider the influence of radiation fluxes over the human body. In addition, default urban canyon case studies (UCCs) were utilized to supplement how both differ and influence one another, especially under extreme weather conditions including heat waves events (HWE), and very hot days (VHD). Through the use of wholesome thermo-physiological indices, the study revealed that while human health and thermal comfort is already prone to extreme physiological stress (PS) grades during one of the hottest months of the year, the current extremes could be drastically surpassed by the end of the century. Within the examined UCCs, it was identified that the projected PET could reach values of 58.3 °C under a projected climate change RCP8.5/SRES A1FI scenario. Similarly, and in terms of thermo-physiological stress loads, the following could happen: (i) a future “cooler summer day” could present similar conditions to those currently found during a ‘typical summer day; (ii) a future ‘typical summer day’ could present hourly physiological equivalent temperature load (PETL) that recurrently surpassed those currently found during a “very hot day”; and, (iii) a future “very hot day” could reveal severe hourly PETL values that reached 35.1 units beyond the established “no thermal stress” class.

Suggested Citation

  • Andre Santos Nouri & Ioannis Charalampopoulos & Andreas Matzarakis, 2018. "Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-26, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2362-:d:178265
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joeri Rogelj & Malte Meinshausen & Reto Knutti, 2012. "Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate sensitivity range estimates," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 2(4), pages 248-253, April.
    2. Giuseppina A. Giorgio & Maria Ragosta & Vito Telesca, 2017. "Climate Variability and Industrial-Suburban Heat Environment in a Mediterranean Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-10, May.
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    1. Youngrin Kwag & Shinhee Ye & Jongmin Oh & Dong-Wook Lee & Wonho Yang & Yangho Kim & Eunhee Ha, 2021. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Indoor Particulate Matter on Blood Indicators Related to Anemia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Gabriele Lobaccaro & Juan Angel Acero & Gerardo Sanchez Martinez & Ales Padro & Txomin Laburu & German Fernandez, 2019. "Effects of Orientations, Aspect Ratios, Pavement Materials and Vegetation Elements on Thermal Stress inside Typical Urban Canyons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.

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