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Factors Associated with the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in Medicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Author

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  • Roger C. M. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Biomedical Global Institute of Healthcare Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam)

  • Anna C. Chua

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Bach X. Tran

    (Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Vietnam Young Physicians’ Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Carol C. Choo

    (College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore)

  • Syeda Fabeha Husain

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Giang T. Vu

    (Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi 73000, Vietnam)

  • Roger S. McIntyre

    (Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
    Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada)

  • Cyrus S. H. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with high Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in medicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We examined 61 medicated patients with MDD (mean age 37.77 ± 7.67, 90.2% women) and 43 non-depressed controls (mean age 38.26 ± 9.20, 90.7% women). We administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MAP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), intima-media thickness (IMT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and triglycerides. Results: We found that medicated patients with MDD had significantly higher levels of HAM-D score ( p < 0.01), SBP ( p = 0.015), MAP ( p = 0.037), IL−6 level ( p = 0.007), as compared with controls. Medicated patients who remained moderately to severely depressed showed significantly higher SBP ( p = 0.049), DBP ( p = 0.009), MAP ( p = 0.024), IL−6 level ( p = 0.019), left PWV ( p = 0.004) and average PWV ( p = 0.026) than those with mild depression. Multivariate regression showed that the interaction effect between HAM-D score and triglyceride level ( p = 0.018) was significantly associated with FRS in medicated patients with MDD. Conclusions: This study highlights that the interaction effect of the severity of depression and the triglyceride level, was a modifiable factor positively associated with high FRS.

Suggested Citation

  • Roger C. M. Ho & Anna C. Chua & Bach X. Tran & Carol C. Choo & Syeda Fabeha Husain & Giang T. Vu & Roger S. McIntyre & Cyrus S. H. Ho, 2018. "Factors Associated with the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in Medicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2073-:d:171300
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Won Ju Hwang & Jin Ah Kim & Sally H. Rankin, 2017. "Depressive Symptom and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Female Workers Working at Traditional Markets," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Chandra S. Wijaya & Jovia J. Z. Lee & Syeda F. Husain & Cyrus S. H. Ho & Roger S. McIntyre & Wilson W. Tam & Roger C. M. Ho, 2018. "Differentiating Medicated Patients Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder from Healthy Controls by Spot Urine Measurement of Monoamines and Steroid Hormones," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Carol C. Choo & Peter K. H. Chew & Shuet-Ming Lai & Shuenn-Chiang Soo & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho & Raymond C. Wong, 2018. "Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety in Asian Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-7, May.
    4. Elżbieta Grochans & Małgorzata Szkup & Artur Kotwas & Jacek Kopeć & Beata Karakiewicz & Anna Jurczak, 2018. "Analysis of Sociodemographic, Psychological, and Genetic Factors Contributing to Depressive symptoms in Pre-, Peri- and Postmenopausal Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Hsiao-Yun Lee & Chia-Pin Yu & Chih-Da Wu & Wen-Chi Pan, 2018. "The Effect of Leisure Activity Diversity and Exercise Time on the Prevention of Depression in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents of Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, April.
    6. Hiroko Ochiai & Harumi Ikei & Chorong Song & Maiko Kobayashi & Ako Takamatsu & Takashi Miura & Takahide Kagawa & Qing Li & Shigeyoshi Kumeda & Michiko Imai & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2015. "Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest Therapy on Middle-Aged Males with High-Normal Blood Pressure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-11, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bach Xuan Tran & Roger S. McIntyre & Carl A. Latkin & Hai Thanh Phan & Giang Thu Vu & Huong Lan Thi Nguyen & Kenneth K. Gwee & Cyrus S. H. Ho & Roger C. M. Ho, 2019. "The Current Research Landscape on the Artificial Intelligence Application in the Management of Depressive Disorders: A Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Xinqiao Liu & Siqing Ping & Wenjuan Gao, 2019. "Changes in Undergraduate Students’ Psychological Well-Being as They Experience University Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Dorota Łojko & Maciej Owecki & Aleksandra Suwalska, 2019. "Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Bipolar Patients: The Role of Psychiatrists in Its Detection and Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Karen M. Davison & Shen (Lamson) Lin & Hongmei Tong & Karen M. Kobayashi & Jose G. Mora-Almanza & Esme Fuller-Thomson, 2020. "Nutritional Factors, Physical Health and Immigrant Status Are Associated with Anxiety Disorders among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from Baseline Data of The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Ag," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, February.

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