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Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women

Author

Listed:
  • Hangjin Byeon

    (Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

  • Yesol Moon

    (Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

  • Seoeun Lee

    (Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

  • Gwang-Ic Son

    (Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

  • Eunil Lee

    (Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a marine exercise retreat program on thyroid-related hormone levels. A total of 62 middle-aged euthyroid women participated in a 6-day marine exercise retreat program. Using thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) hormone levels, the participants were divided into high and low-hormone-level groups. Despite decreased TSH and fT4 levels after the program, the factors influencing changes in each group were different. TSH levels were influenced by changes in the normalized low frequency (nLF) of heart rate variability and carbon monoxide (CO) from all the participants, and changes in body fat percentage, nLF, and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure level in the high TSH group. fT4 levels were influenced by changes in body mass index (BMI), NO 2 exposure, and particulate matter diameter of 10 µm or less (PM 10 ) exposure in all participants. Changes in BMI and CO exposure influenced the low fT4 group. Lastly, changes in the exercise stress test affected the high fT4 group. Thus, the marine exercise retreat program affected euthyroid thyroid-related hormone levels, and influencing factors differ depending on the initial value of the hormone.

Suggested Citation

  • Hangjin Byeon & Yesol Moon & Seoeun Lee & Gwang-Ic Son & Eunil Lee, 2023. "Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1542-:d:1035873
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valentin Brusseau & Igor Tauveron & Reza Bagheri & Ukadike Chris Ugbolue & Valentin Magnon & Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois & Valentin Navel & Frédéric Dutheil, 2022. "Heart Rate Variability in Hyperthyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
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    4. Hiroko Ochiai & Harumi Ikei & Chorong Song & Maiko Kobayashi & Ako Takamatsu & Takashi Miura & Takahide Kagawa & Qing Li & Shigeyoshi Kumeda & Michiko Imai & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2015. "Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest Therapy on Middle-Aged Males with High-Normal Blood Pressure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-11, February.
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