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Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China

Author

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  • Gehui Wang

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Jianjiang Lu

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Zhenni Xing

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Shanman Li

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Zilong Liu

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Yanbin Tong

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

Abstract

Despite risks associated with perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in many regions, little is known about their prevalence in Xinjiang. We determined the presence of 13 PFAAs in 293 beef muscle and liver samples collected in 22 cities covering northern, southern, and eastern Xinjiang using liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the average values for PFAAs were relatively low compared with previous studies. Liver presented higher mean levels of total PFAAs at 1.632 ng/g, which was over 60-fold higher than in muscle (0.026 ng/g). Among the PFAAs analyzed, medium-chain compounds were dominant, accounting for more than 70% of the total. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was highly prevalent in the liver with the highest mean concentration (0.617 ng/g) and detection frequency (80%). When comparing the three regions of Xinjiang, we found differences in PFAA profiles, with the northern region showing the highest levels. Furthermore, the average daily intake and hazard ratios of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid varied by region, urban/rural environment, gender, ethnicity, and age. The highest risk value of 13 PFAAs was estimated to be 0.837 × 10 −3 , which is far below 1, indicating that there is no health risk posed by eating beef muscle and liver in Xinjiang.

Suggested Citation

  • Gehui Wang & Jianjiang Lu & Zhenni Xing & Shanman Li & Zilong Liu & Yanbin Tong, 2017. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:970-:d:110019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhenni Xing & Jianjiang Lu & Zilong Liu & Shanman Li & Gehui Wang & Xiaolong Wang, 2016. "Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Maria Grazia Porpora & Renato Lucchini & Annalisa Abballe & Anna Maria Ingelido & Silvia Valentini & Eliana Fuggetta & Veronica Cardi & Adele Ticino & Valentina Marra & Anna Rita Fulgenzi & Elena De F, 2013. "Placental Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Preliminary Study on Mother-Newborn Pairs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-13, February.
    3. Jillian Ashley-Martin & Linda Dodds & Tye E. Arbuckle & Anne-Sophie Morisset & Mandy Fisher & Maryse F. Bouchard & Gabriel D. Shapiro & Adrienne S. Ettinger & Patricia Monnier & Renee Dallaire & Shayn, 2016. "Maternal and Neonatal Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Gestational Weight Gain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, January.
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