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A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra—A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Paper

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  • Vishal Diwan

    (Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    International Centre for Health Research, Ujjain Charitable Trust Hospital and Research Centre, Ujjain 456001, India)

  • Manju Purohit

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Department of Pathology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Salesh Chandran

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456003, India)

  • Vivek Parashar

    (Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Harshada Shah

    (Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456003, India)

  • Vijay K. Mahadik

    (R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden)

  • Ashok J. Tamhankar

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India)

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the major health emergencies for global society. Little is known about the ABR of environmental bacteria and therefore it is important to understand ABR reservoirs in the environment and their potential impact on health. Method/Design: Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected during a 3-year follow-up study of a river associated with religious mass-bathing in Central India. Surface-water and sediment samples will be collected from seven locations at regular intervals for 3 years during religious mass-bathing and in absence of it to monitor water-quality, antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and metals. Approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India (No. 2013/07/17-311). Results: The results will address the issue of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance with a focus on a river environment in India within a typical socio-behavioural context of religious mass-bathing. It will enhance our understanding about the relationship between antibiotic residue levels, water-quality, heavy metals and antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from river-water and sediment, and seasonal differences that are associated with religious mass-bathing. We will also document, identify and clarify the genetic differences/similarities relating to phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacteria in rivers during religious mass-bathing or during periods when there is no mass-bathing.

Suggested Citation

  • Vishal Diwan & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Vivek Parashar & Harshada Shah & Vijay K. Mahadik & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg & Ashok J. Tamhankar, 2017. "A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra—A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Pa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:574-:d:99934
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. La Thi Quynh Lien & Nguyen Quynh Hoa & Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc & Nguyen Thi Minh Thoa & Ho Dang Phuc & Vishal Diwan & Nguyen Thanh Dat & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2016. "Antibiotics in Wastewater of a Rural and an Urban Hospital before and after Wastewater Treatment, and the Relationship with Antibiotic Use—A One Year Study from Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nada Hanna & Manju Purohit & Vishal Diwan & Salesh P. Chandran & Emilia Riggi & Vivek Parashar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2020. "Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Vishal Diwan & Nada Hanna & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Emilia Riggi & Vivek Parashar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2018. "Seasonal Variations in Water-Quality, Antibiotic Residues, Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water and Sediments of the Kshipra River in Central Indi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Nurul Athirah Naserrudin & Mohammad Saffree Jeffree & Nirmal Kaur & Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim & Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, 2022. "Study on the Development of a Conceptual Framework to Identify the Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients: A Concept Paper," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-10, September.
    4. Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2019. "Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Remediation: A Global One Health Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-7, November.

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