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Antibiotics in Wastewater of a Rural and an Urban Hospital before and after Wastewater Treatment, and the Relationship with Antibiotic Use—A One Year Study from Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • La Thi Quynh Lien

    (Global Health—Health Systems and Policy (HSP), Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Pharmaco-Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Nguyen Quynh Hoa

    (Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Hospital, 30 Cau Buou, Thanh Tri District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc

    (Department of Family Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, 01 Ton That Tung, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Nguyen Thi Minh Thoa

    (Department of Family Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, 01 Ton That Tung, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Ho Dang Phuc

    (Institute of Mathematics-VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Vishal Diwan

    (Global Health—Health Systems and Policy (HSP), Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Department of Public Health & Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Agar Road, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Nguyen Thanh Dat

    (Hanoi Drug and Cosmetic Testing Centre, 7/107 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da district, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Ashok J. Tamhankar

    (Global Health—Health Systems and Policy (HSP), Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
    Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Agar Road, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

    (Global Health—Health Systems and Policy (HSP), Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Stockholm 17177, Sweden)

Abstract

Hospital effluents represent an important source for the release of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment. This study aims to determine concentrations of various antibiotics in wastewater before and after wastewater treatment in a rural hospital (60 km from the center of Hanoi) and in an urban hospital (in the center of Hanoi) in Vietnam, and it aims to explore the relationship between antibiotic concentrations in wastewater before wastewater treatment and quantities of antibiotics used in the rural hospital, over a period of one year in 2013. Water samples were collected using continuous sampling for 24 h in the last week of every month. The data on quantities of antibiotics delivered to all inpatient wards were collected from the Pharmacy department in the rural hospital. Solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used for chemical analysis. Significant concentrations of antibiotics were present in the wastewater both before and after wastewater treatment of both the rural and the urban hospital. Ciprofloxacin was detected at the highest concentrations in the rural hospital’s wastewater (before treatment: mean = 42.8 µg/L; after treatment: mean = 21.5 µg/L). Metronidazole was detected at the highest concentrations in the urban hospital’s wastewater (before treatment: mean = 36.5 µg/L; after treatment: mean = 14.8 µg/L). A significant correlation between antibiotic concentrations in wastewater before treatment and quantities of antibiotics used in the rural hospital was found for ciprofloxacin ( r = 0.78; p = 0.01) and metronidazole ( r = 0.99; p < 0.001).

Suggested Citation

  • La Thi Quynh Lien & Nguyen Quynh Hoa & Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc & Nguyen Thi Minh Thoa & Ho Dang Phuc & Vishal Diwan & Nguyen Thanh Dat & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2016. "Antibiotics in Wastewater of a Rural and an Urban Hospital before and after Wastewater Treatment, and the Relationship with Antibiotic Use—A One Year Study from Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:6:p:588-:d:71913
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. La Thi Quynh Lien & Pham Thi Lan & Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc & Nguyen Quynh Hoa & Pham Hong Nhung & Nguyen Thi Minh Thoa & Vishal Diwan & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2017. "Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Wastewater in Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Małgorzata Czatzkowska & Izabela Wolak & Monika Harnisz & Ewa Korzeniewska, 2022. "Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Dissemination of ARGs in the Environment—A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-29, October.
    3. Antony V. Samrot & Samraj Wilson & Ram Singh Sanjay Preeth & Pandurangan Prakash & Mahendran Sathiyasree & Subramanian Saigeetha & Nagarajan Shobana & Senthilkumar Pachiyappan & Vinod Vincent Rajesh, 2023. "Sources of Antibiotic Contamination in Wastewater and Approaches to Their Removal—An Overview," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Vishal Diwan & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Vivek Parashar & Harshada Shah & Vijay K. Mahadik & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg & Ashok J. Tamhankar, 2017. "A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra—A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Pa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, May.
    5. Jong Kwon Im & Sang Hun Kim & Young Seuk Kim & Soon Ju Yu, 2021. "Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Tributary Surface Waters of the Han River Watershed, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-15, July.

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