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A Spatial Hierarchical Analysis of the Temporal Influences of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Weather on Dengue in Kalutara District, Sri Lanka

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  • Prasad Liyanage

    (Ministry of Health, Colombo 01000, Sri Lanka
    Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Hasitha Tissera

    (Ministry of Health, Colombo 01000, Sri Lanka)

  • Maquins Sewe

    (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
    KEMRI Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya, Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya)

  • Mikkel Quam

    (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Ananda Amarasinghe

    (Ministry of Health, Colombo 01000, Sri Lanka)

  • Paba Palihawadana

    (Ministry of Health, Colombo 01000, Sri Lanka)

  • Annelies Wilder-Smith

    (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
    Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore)

  • Valérie R. Louis

    (Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg Medical School, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany)

  • Yesim Tozan

    (College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

  • Joacim Rocklöv

    (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

Abstract

Dengue is the major public health burden in Sri Lanka. Kalutara is one of the highly affected districts. Understanding the drivers of dengue is vital in controlling and preventing the disease spread. This study focuses on quantifying the influence of weather variability on dengue incidence over 10 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) divisions of Kalutara district. Weekly weather variables and data on dengue notifications, measured at 10 MOH divisions in Kalutara from 2009 to 2013, were retrieved and analysed. Distributed lag non-linear model and hierarchical-analysis was used to estimate division specific and overall relationships between weather and dengue. We incorporated lag times up to 12 weeks and evaluated models based on the Akaike Information Criterion. Consistent exposure-response patterns between different geographical locations were observed for rainfall, showing increasing relative risk of dengue with increasing rainfall from 50 mm per week. The strongest association with dengue risk centred around 6 to 10 weeks following rainfalls of more than 300 mm per week. With increasing temperature, the overall relative risk of dengue increased steadily starting from a lag of 4 weeks. We found similarly a strong link between the Oceanic Niño Index to weather patterns in the district in Sri Lanka and to dengue at a longer latency time confirming these relationships. Part of the influences of rainfall and temperature can be seen as mediator in the causal pathway of the Ocean Niño Index, which may allow a longer lead time for early warning signals. Our findings describe a strong association between weather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and dengue in Sri Lanka.

Suggested Citation

  • Prasad Liyanage & Hasitha Tissera & Maquins Sewe & Mikkel Quam & Ananda Amarasinghe & Paba Palihawadana & Annelies Wilder-Smith & Valérie R. Louis & Yesim Tozan & Joacim Rocklöv, 2016. "A Spatial Hierarchical Analysis of the Temporal Influences of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Weather on Dengue in Kalutara District, Sri Lanka," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1087-:d:82188
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jesus Santos-Guzman & Francisco Gonzalez-Salazar & Gregorio Martínez-Ozuna & Victor Jimenez & Andrea Luviano & Daniel Palazuelos & Rubinia Iveth Fernandez-Flores & Mario Manzano-Camarillo & Esteban Pi, 2021. "Epidemiologic Impacts in Acute Infectious Disease Associated with Catastrophic Climate Events Related to Global Warming in the Northeast of Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, April.

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