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Internet of Things and Blockchain Integration: Security, Privacy, Technical, and Design Challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi

    (Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 15453, Kuwait)

  • Ahmad Al-Ahmad

    (Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 15453, Kuwait)

  • Hasan Kahtan

    (Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK)

  • Ashraf Jaradat

    (Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 15453, Kuwait)

Abstract

The Internet of things model enables a world in which all of our everyday devices can be integrated and communicate with each other and their surroundings to gather and share data and simplify task implementation. Such an Internet of things environment would require seamless authentication, data protection, stability, attack resistance, ease of deployment, and self-maintenance, among other things. Blockchain, a technology that was born with the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, may fulfill Internet of things requirements. However, due to the characteristics of both Internet of things devices and Blockchain technology, integrating Blockchain and the Internet of things can cause several challenges. Despite a large number of papers that have been published in the field of Blockchain and the Internet of things, the problems of this combination remain unclear and scattered. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the challenges related to Blockchain–Internet of things integration by evaluating the related peer-reviewed literature. The paper also discusses some of the recommendations for reducing the effects of these challenges. Moreover, the paper discusses some of the unsolved concerns that must be addressed before the next generation of integrated Blockchain–Internet of things applications can be deployed. Lastly, future trends in the context of Blockchain–Internet of things integration are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi & Ahmad Al-Ahmad & Hasan Kahtan & Ashraf Jaradat, 2022. "Internet of Things and Blockchain Integration: Security, Privacy, Technical, and Design Challenges," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-48, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:216-:d:868618
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohammed Amine Bouras & Qinghua Lu & Sahraoui Dhelim & Huansheng Ning, 2021. "A Lightweight Blockchain-Based IoT Identity Management Approach," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Saurabh Singh & In-Ho Ra & Weizhi Meng & Maninder Kaur & Gi Hwan Cho, 2019. "SH-BlockCC: A secure and efficient Internet of things smart home architecture based on cloud computing and blockchain technology," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 15(4), pages 15501477198, April.
    3. Vikas Tomer & Sachin Sharma, 2022. "Detecting IoT Attacks Using an Ensemble Machine Learning Model," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Yao Du & Zehua Wang & Victor C. M. Leung, 2021. "Blockchain-Enabled Edge Intelligence for IoT: Background, Emerging Trends and Open Issues," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Taher M. Ghazal & Mohammad Kamrul Hasan & Muhammad Turki Alshurideh & Haitham M. Alzoubi & Munir Ahmad & Syed Shehryar Akbar & Barween Al Kurdi & Iman A. Akour, 2021. "IoT for Smart Cities: Machine Learning Approaches in Smart Healthcare—A Review," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Kenneth Li Minn Ang & Jasmine Kah Phooi Seng & Ericmoore Ngharamike, 2022. "Towards Crowdsourcing Internet of Things (Crowd-IoT): Architectures, Security and Applications," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-50, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Keywords

    BC; BIoT; challenge; integration; trend;
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