IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i8p2265-d538186.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance Evaluation of Broadcast Domain on the Lightweight Multi-Fog Blockchain Platform for a LoRa-Based Internet of Things Network

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Yanuar Ary Saputro

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Riri Fitri Sari

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that allows every object or item to become part of the Internet and interact with each other. One of the technologies based on the IoT is Long Range (LoRa). Apart from the increasing number of IoT services, security aspects become a separate issue in the development of the IoT. One of the solutions is to utilize blockchain technology in the IoT topology to secure the data and transactions that occur in the IoT network. The blockchain can take minutes to compute a cryptographic chain. It also needs sufficient computing resources. This problem gave rise to the idea of establishing a lightweight blockchain platform with low latency that could run on devices with low computing resources as well as IoT devices. We offered a technology called Lightweight Multi-Fog (LMF) in our previous publication that is implemented using the Lightweight Scalable Blockchain (LSB) algorithm and the fog network on the IoT to solve the problem of integrating a blockchain with the IoT. In this paper, we simulate how the broadcast domain on LMF works and verify the results in lower latency and energy transmission compared to the standard blockchain model. The results showed that the average increase of the total delivery time ( T a v e r a g e ) on the LMF platform was smaller than the average increase of the total delivery time ( T a v e r a g e ), which was 0.53% for the variations in the number of nodes and 0.27% for the variations in the number of brokers/miners. Regarding the average increase of the total energy delivery ( E a v e r a g e ), the Proof of Work (PoW) platform has a smaller increase of the total energy delivery ( E a v e r a g e ), which is 1.68% during the variations in the number of nodes. In contrast, the LMF platform has a smaller average increase of the total shipping energy ( E a v e r a g e ), which is 0.28% for the variations in the number of brokers/miners.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Yanuar Ary Saputro & Riri Fitri Sari, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Broadcast Domain on the Lightweight Multi-Fog Blockchain Platform for a LoRa-Based Internet of Things Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2265-:d:538186
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2265/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2265/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Saurabh Singh & In-Ho Ra & Weizhi Meng & Maninder Kaur & Gi Hwan Cho, 2019. "SH-BlockCC: A secure and efficient Internet of things smart home architecture based on cloud computing and blockchain technology," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 15(4), pages 15501477198, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Daniela Mazza & Daniele Tarchi & Angel A. Juan, 2022. "Advanced Technologies in Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-3, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi & Ahmad Al-Ahmad & Hasan Kahtan & Ashraf Jaradat, 2022. "Internet of Things and Blockchain Integration: Security, Privacy, Technical, and Design Challenges," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-48, July.
    2. Khadak Singh Bhandari & GI Hwan Cho, 2020. "An Energy Efficient Routing Approach for Cloud-Assisted Green Industrial IoT Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Firuz Kamalov & Behrouz Pourghebleh & Mehdi Gheisari & Yang Liu & Sherif Moussa, 2023. "Internet of Medical Things Privacy and Security: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Trends from a New Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2265-:d:538186. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.