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MAC Layer Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Luiz Oliveira

    (National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG 37540-000, Brazil)

  • Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

    (National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG 37540-000, Brazil
    Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    International Institute of Photonics and Optoinformatics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Sergei A. Kozlov

    (International Institute of Photonics and Optoinformatics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Ricardo A. L. Rabêlo

    (Department of Computing (DC), Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGCC), Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Ministro Petronio Portela Campus, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil)

  • Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque

    (Graduate Program in Applied Informatics, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza CE 60811-905, Brazil)

Abstract

Due to the wide variety of uses and the diversity of features required to meet an application, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are moving forward at a strong pace to meet this demand while at the same time trying to meet the time-to-market of these applications. The characteristics required by applications, such as coverage area, scalability, transmission data rate, and applicability, refer to the Physical and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer designs of protocols. This paper presents a deep study of medium access control (MAC) layer protocols that are used in IoT with a detailed description of such protocols grouped (by short and long distance coverage). For short range coverage protocols, the following are considered: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.1, Bluetooth Low Energy, IEEE 802.15.4, Wireless Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol (Wireless-HART), Z-Wave, Weightless, and IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ah. For the long range group, Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT), Long Term Evolution (LTE) CAT-0, LTE CAT-M, LTE CAT-N, Long Range Protocol (LoRa), and SigFox protocols are studied. A comparative study is performed for each group of protocols in order to provide insights and a reference study for IoT applications, considering their characteristics, limitations, and behavior. Open research issues on the topic are also identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz Oliveira & Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues & Sergei A. Kozlov & Ricardo A. L. Rabêlo & Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque, 2019. "MAC Layer Protocols for Internet of Things: A Survey," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-42, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:16-:d:197399
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ejis, 2018. "Table of Contents," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 02, June.
    2. Ejis, 2016. "Table of Contents," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 01, March.
    3. Ejis, 2016. "Table of Contents," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 02, June.
    4. Ejis, 2018. "Table of Contents," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 01, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Mansour & Amal Gamal & Ahmed I. Ahmed & Lobna A. Said & Abdelmoniem Elbaz & Norbert Herencsar & Ahmed Soltan, 2023. "Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Overview on Protocols, Architectures, Technologies, Simulation Tools, and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-39, April.
    2. N. Suresh Kumar & G. Santhosh Kumar & S. Shailesh & A. Sreekumar, 2024. "Novel abstraction methods for TDMA based MAC protocols: Case of IIoT MAC Wireless HART Verification," Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, Springer, vol. 85(1), pages 125-150, January.
    3. Abdallah Y. Alma’aitah & Mohammad A. Massad, 2021. "Reader–Tag Commands via Modulation Cutoff Intervals in RFID Systems," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Nikolaos Schizas & Aristeidis Karras & Christos Karras & Spyros Sioutas, 2022. "TinyML for Ultra-Low Power AI and Large Scale IoT Deployments: A Systematic Review," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-45, December.
    5. Georgios Tsoumanis & Asterios Papamichail & Vasileios Dragonas & George Koufoudakis & Constantinos T. Angelis & Konstantinos Oikonomou, 2020. "Implementation of a Topology Independent MAC (TiMAC) Policy on a Low-Cost IoT System," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, May.

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