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Current State of Technology of Fuel Cell Power Systems for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandro Mendez

    (Department of Sistemas Oceánicos y Navales, ETSI Navales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Teresa J. Leo

    (Department of Sistemas Oceánicos y Navales, ETSI Navales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Miguel A. Herreros

    (Department of Arquitectura y Construcción Navales, ETSI Navales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are vehicles that are primarily used to accomplish oceanographic research data collection and auxiliary offshore tasks. At the present time, they are usually powered by lithium-ion secondary batteries, which have insufficient specific energies. In order for this technology to achieve a mature state, increased endurance is required. Fuel cell power systems have been identified as an effective means to achieve this endurance but no implementation in a commercial device has yet been realized. This paper summarizes the current state of development of the technology in this field of research. First, the most adequate type of fuel cell for this application is discussed. The prototypes and design concepts of AUVs powered by fuel cells which have been developed in the last few years are described. Possible commercial and experimental fuel cell stack options are analyzed, examining solutions adopted in the analogous aerial vehicle applications, as well as the underwater ones, to see if integration in an AUV is feasible. Current solutions in oxygen and hydrogen storage systems are overviewed and energy density is objectively compared between battery power systems and fuel cell power systems for AUVs. A couple of system configuration solutions are described including the necessary lithium-ion battery hybrid system. Finally, some closing remarks on the future of this technology are given.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Mendez & Teresa J. Leo & Miguel A. Herreros, 2014. "Current State of Technology of Fuel Cell Power Systems for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:4676-4693:d:38438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Xiaoming & Shang, Jianzhong & Luo, Zirong & Tang, Li & Zhang, Xiangpo & Li, Juan, 2012. "Reviews of power systems and environmental energy conversion for unmanned underwater vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 1958-1970.
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    2. Giulia Massaglia & Adriano Sacco & Alain Favetto & Luciano Scaltrito & Sergio Ferrero & Roberto Mo & Candido F. Pirri & Marzia Quaglio, 2021. "Integration of Portable Sedimentary Microbial Fuel Cells in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-12, July.
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    13. Seung-Kyo Jung & Won-Sim Cha & Yeong-In Park & Shin-Hyung Kim & Jungho Choi, 2020. "Conceptual Design Development of a Fuel-Reforming System for Fuel Cells in Underwater Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    14. Han, Gwangwoo & Kwon, YongKeun & Kim, Joong Bae & Lee, Sanghun & Bae, Joongmyeon & Cho, EunAe & Lee, Bong Jae & Cho, Sungbaek & Park, Jinwoo, 2020. "Development of a high-energy-density portable/mobile hydrogen energy storage system incorporating an electrolyzer, a metal hydride and a fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
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