IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v5y2012i8p2952-2988d19388.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

Author

Listed:
  • Noshin Omar

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
    Erasmus University College, Nijverheidskaai 170, Brussel, 1070, Belgium)

  • Mohamed Daowd

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium)

  • Peter van den Bossche

    (Erasmus University College, Nijverheidskaai 170, Brussel, 1070, Belgium)

  • Omar Hegazy

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium)

  • Jelle Smekens

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium)

  • Thierry Coosemans

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium)

  • Joeri van Mierlo

    (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1050, Belgium)

Abstract

In this paper, the performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been investigated and compared to several other rechargeable energy storage systems technologies such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and electrical-double layer capacitors. The analysis has shown the beneficial properties of lithium-ion in the terms of energy density, power density and rate capabilities. Particularly, the nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode stands out with the high energy density up to 160 Wh/kg, compared to 70–110, 90 and 71 Wh/kg for lithium iron phosphate cathode, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum cathode and, lithium titanate oxide anode battery cells, respectively. These values are considerably higher than the lead-acid (23–28 Wh/kg) and nickel-metal hydride (44–53 Wh/kg) battery technologies. The dynamic discharge performance test shows that the energy efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries is significantly higher than the lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride technologies. The efficiency varies between 86% and 98%, with the best values obtained by pouch battery cells, ahead of cylindrical and prismatic battery design concepts. Also the power capacity of lithium-ion technology is superior compared to other technologies. The power density is in the range of 300–2400 W/kg against 200–400 and 90–120 W/kg for lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride, respectively. However, considering the influence of energy efficiency, the power density is in the range of 100–1150 W/kg. Lithium-ion batteries optimized for high energy are at the lower end of this range and are challenged to meet the United States Advanced Battery Consortium, SuperLIB and Massachusetts Institute of Technology goals. Their association with electric-double layer capacitors, which have low energy density (4–6 Wh/kg) but outstanding power capabilities, could be very interesting. The study of the rate capability of the lithium-ion batteries has allowed for a new state of charge estimation, encompassing all essential performance parameters. The rate capabilities tests are reflected by Peukert constants, which are significantly lower for lithium-ion batteries than for nickel-metal hydride and lead-acid. Furthermore, rate capabilities during charging have been investigated. Lithium-ion batteries are able to store about 80% of the capacity at current rate 2I t , with high power cells accepting over 90%. At higher charging rates of 5I t or more, the internal resistance impedes charge acceptance by high energy cells. The lithium titanate anode, due to its high surface area (100 m 2 /g compared to 3 m 2 /g for the graphite based anode) performs much better in this respect. The behavior of lithium-ion batteries has been investigated at different conditions. The analysis has leaded us to a new lithium ion battery model. This model will be compared to existing battery models in future research contributions.

Suggested Citation

  • Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Peter van den Bossche & Omar Hegazy & Jelle Smekens & Thierry Coosemans & Joeri van Mierlo, 2012. "Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(8), pages 1-37, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:5:y:2012:i:8:p:2952-2988:d:19388
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/8/2952/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/8/2952/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Axsen, Jonn & Kurani, Kenneth S. & Burke, Andrew, 2008. "Are batteries ready for plug-in hybrid buyers?," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5gz782g7, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Omar Hegazy & Grietus Mulder & Jean-Marc Timmermans & Thierry Coosemans & Peter Van den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2012. "Standardization Work for BEV and HEV Applications: Critical Appraisal of Recent Traction Battery Documents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3mc7g3vt, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Axsen, Jonn & Burke, Andy & Kurani, Kenneth S, 2008. "Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): Goals and the State of Technology circa 2008," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1bp83874, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Omar, Noshin & Monem, Mohamed Abdel & Firouz, Yousef & Salminen, Justin & Smekens, Jelle & Hegazy, Omar & Gaulous, Hamid & Mulder, Grietus & Van den Bossche, Peter & Coosemans, Thierry & Van Mierlo, J, 2014. "Lithium iron phosphate based battery – Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1575-1585.
    2. Firouz, Y. & Omar, N. & Timmermans, J.-M. & Van den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J., 2015. "Lithium-ion capacitor – Characterization and development of new electrical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 597-613.
    3. Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Omar Hegazy & Grietus Mulder & Jean-Marc Timmermans & Thierry Coosemans & Peter Van den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2012. "Standardization Work for BEV and HEV Applications: Critical Appraisal of Recent Traction Battery Documents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Burke, Andrew, 2009. "Performance, Charging, and Second-use Considerations for Lithium Batteries for Plug-in Electric Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt2xf263qp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    5. Shiau, Ching-Shin Norman & Samaras, Constantine & Hauffe, Richard & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2009. "Impact of battery weight and charging patterns on the economic and environmental benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2653-2663, July.
    6. Noshin Omar & Peter Van den Bossche & Thierry Coosemans & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2013. "Peukert Revisited—Critical Appraisal and Need for Modification for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(11), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Kurani, Kenneth S & Axsen, Jonn & Caperello, Nicolette & Davies, Jamie & Stillwater, Tai, 2009. "Learning from Consumers: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Demonstration and Consumer Education, Outreach, and Market Research Program," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9361r9h7, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    8. Pavković, D. & Hoić, M. & Deur, J. & Petrić, J., 2014. "Energy storage systems sizing study for a high-altitude wind energy application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 91-103.
    9. Shyh-Chin Huang & Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Chung-Liang Chang & Michael G. Pecht, 2017. "An Online SOC and SOH Estimation Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Burke, Andy & Zhao, Hengbing, 2010. "Simulations of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Using Advanced Lithium Batteries and Ultracapacitors on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4wb3g744, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Eapen, Deepa Elizabeth & Suresh, Resmi & Patil, Sairaj & Rengaswamy, Raghunathan, 2021. "A systems engineering perspective on electrochemical energy technologies and a framework for application driven choice of technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    12. Wang, Qian & Jiang, Bin & Li, Bo & Yan, Yuying, 2016. "A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 106-128.
    13. Zhao, Hengbing & Burke, Andrew, 2015. "Modelling and Analysis of Plug-in Series-Parallel Hybrid Medium-Duty Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt37z105pr, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    14. Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Omar Hegazy & Noshin Omar & Khiem Trad & Sven De Breucker & Peter Van Den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2016. "Design and Analysis of Generic Energy Management Strategy for Controlling Second-Life Battery Systems in Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-25, October.
    15. Arslan, Okan & Yıldız, Barış & Karaşan, Oya Ekin, 2015. "Minimum cost path problem for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 123-141.
    16. Burke, Andrew & Zhao, Hengbing & Van Gelder, Eric, 2009. "Simulated Performance of Alternative Hybrid-Electric Powertrains in Vehicles on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7nt461g1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    17. Hassan, Masood Ul & Saha, Sajeeb & Haque, Md Enamul, 2021. "PVAnalytX: A MATLAB toolkit for techno-economic analysis and performance evaluation of rooftop PV systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    18. Mohamed Daowd & Mailier Antoine & Noshin Omar & Philippe Lataire & Peter Van Den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2014. "Battery Management System—Balancing Modularization Based on a Single Switched Capacitor and Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter with the Auxiliary Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-41, April.
    19. Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Wunching Chang & Shyh-Chin Huang, 2015. "Regression Models Using Fully Discharged Voltage and Internal Resistance for State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:5:y:2012:i:8:p:2952-2988:d:19388. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.