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Challenges and Opportunities for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in EU Energy Transition Efforts—An Overview

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  • Katarina Marojević

    (Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Tomislav Kurevija

    (Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Marija Macenić

    (Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems are a promising solution for sustainable energy storage, leveraging underground aquifers to store and retrieve thermal energy for heating and cooling. As the global energy sector faces rising energy demands, climate change, and the depletion of fossil fuels, transitioning to renewable energy sources is imperative. ATES systems contribute to these efforts by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving energy efficiency. This review uses the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology as a systematic approach to collect and analyze relevant literature. It highlights trends, gaps, and advancements in ATES systems, focusing on simulation methods, environmental impacts, and economic feasibility. Tools like MODFLOW, FEFLOW, and COMSOL Multiphysics are emphasized for optimizing design and system performance. Europe is identified as a continent with the most favorable predispositions for ATES implementation due to its diverse and abundant aquifer systems, strong policy frameworks supporting renewable energy, and advancements in subsurface energy technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarina Marojević & Tomislav Kurevija & Marija Macenić, 2025. "Challenges and Opportunities for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in EU Energy Transition Efforts—An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:4:p:1001-:d:1594512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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