IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i3p637-d1580366.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reinforcement Neural Network-Based Grid-Integrated PV Control and Battery Management System

Author

Listed:
  • Salah Mahdi Thajeel

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34218, Turkey)

  • Doğu Çağdaş Atilla

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34218, Turkey)

Abstract

A reinforcement neural network-based grid-integrated photovoltaic (PV) system with a battery management system (BMS) was developed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems. In such a setup, the PV system generates electricity, which can be used immediately, stored in batteries, or fed into the grid. The challenge lies in dynamically optimizing the power flow between these components to minimize energy costs, maximize the use of renewable energy, and maintain grid stability. Reinforcement learning (RL) combined with NNs offers a powerful solution by enabling the system to learn and adapt its energy management strategy in real time. By using the proposed techniques, the convergence time was decreased with lower complexity compared with existing approaches. The RL agent interacts with the environment (i.e., the grid, PV system, and battery), continuously improving its decisions regarding when to store energy, draw from the battery, and supply power to the grid. This intelligent control approach ensures optimal performance, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy system.

Suggested Citation

  • Salah Mahdi Thajeel & Doğu Çağdaş Atilla, 2025. "Reinforcement Neural Network-Based Grid-Integrated PV Control and Battery Management System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:637-:d:1580366
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/637/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/637/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammed Y. Worku & Mohamed A. Hassan & Luqman S. Maraaba & Md Shafiullah & Mohamed R. Elkadeem & Md Ismail Hossain & Mohamed A. Abido, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Recent Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Musong L. Katche & Augustine B. Makokha & Siagi O. Zachary & Muyiwa S. Adaramola, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques Used in Solar PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Zulfiqar Ali & Syed Zagam Abbas & Anzar Mahmood & Syed Wajahat Ali & Syed Bilal Javed & Chun-Lien Su, 2023. "A Study of a Generalized Photovoltaic System with MPPT Using Perturb and Observer Algorithms under Varying Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.
    4. Adel O. Baatiah & Ali M. Eltamaly & Majed A. Alotaibi, 2023. "Improving Photovoltaic MPPT Performance through PSO Dynamic Swarm Size Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Liu, Ying & Feng, Chao, 2023. "Promoting renewable energy through national energy legislation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Reddy, K. Bheemalingeswara & Bhosale, Amit C., 2024. "Effect of number of blades on performance and wake recovery for a vertical axis helical hydrokinetic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Li-chen Zhang & Zheng-ai Dong & Zhi-xiong Tan & Jia-hui Luo & De-kui Yan, 2024. "Institutional Performance and Carbon Reduction Effect of High-Quality Development of New Energy: China’s Experience and Policy Implication," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Laolu Obafemi Shobayo & Cuong Duc Dao, 2024. "Smart Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Employing Setpoint Frequency Control—An Analysis on the Grid Cost of Balancing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Huo, Tengfei & Du, Qianxi & Xu, Linbo & Shi, Qingwei & Cong, Xiaobo & Cai, Weiguang, 2023. "Timetable and roadmap for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality of China's building sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    5. Yukun Cao & Jingxuan Cai & Xiangyue Liu, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Advancing toward a sustainable future: assessing the impact of energy transition, circular economy, and international trade on carbon footprint," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1-26, April.
    6. Meng, Fanting, 2024. "Driving sustainable development: Fiscal policy and the promotion of natural resource efficiency," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    7. Liu, Dayong, 2023. "Does green finance and natural resources agglomeration have potential for green economic growth? Evidence from Asian perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    8. Pingye Wan & Miao Huang & Jinshan Mou & Lili Tao & Shuping Zhang & Zhihua Hu, 2025. "Voltage Unbalance Control Strategy for Local Shading Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Boyan Huang & Kai Song & Shulin Jiang & Zhenqing Zhao & Zhiqiang Zhang & Cong Li & Jiawen Sun, 2024. "A Robust Salp Swarm Algorithm for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Under Partial Shading Conditions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    10. Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui & Saïd Drid & Mohammed Ouriagli & Driss Mehdi, 2023. "Overview of Photovoltaic and Wind Electrical Power Hybrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-35, June.
    11. Feng, Chao & Liu, Yu-Qi & Yang, Jun, 2024. "Do energy trade patterns affect renewable energy development? The threshold role of digital economy and economic freedom," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    12. Hu, Getao & Yang, Jun & Li, Jun & Cheng, Xi & Feng, Chao, 2024. "National climate legislation and policymaking and energy security: International evidence," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 375(C).
    13. Ahmad, Ejaz & Khan, Dilawar & Anser, Muhammad Khalid & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Hassan, Syeda Anam & Zaman, Khalid, 2024. "The influence of grid connectivity, electricity pricing, policy-driven power incentives, and carbon emissions on renewable energy adoption: Exploring key factors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    14. Yu Deng & Jingang Han, 2024. "Energy Management of Green Port Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on Fuzzy Logic Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-26, July.
    15. Zulfiqar Ali & Syed Zagam Abbas & Anzar Mahmood & Syed Wajahat Ali & Syed Bilal Javed & Chun-Lien Su, 2023. "A Study of a Generalized Photovoltaic System with MPPT Using Perturb and Observer Algorithms under Varying Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.
    16. Muhammed Y. Worku & Mohamed A. Hassan & Luqman S. Maraaba & Md Shafiullah & Mohamed R. Elkadeem & Md Ismail Hossain & Mohamed A. Abido, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Recent Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.
    17. Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A. & Soto, Gonzalo Hernández & Ahakwa, Isaac & Manigandan, Palanisamy, 2024. "Dynamic effects on modern renewable energy generation: The role of patents in clean energy technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    18. Andreea Sabadus & Nicoleta Stefu & Marius Paulescu, 2024. "Evaluating Outdoor Performance of PV Modules Using an Innovative Explicit One-Diode Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, May.
    19. Chen, Kun & Bian, Rui, 2023. "Green financing and renewable resources for China's sustainable growth: Assessing macroeconomic industry impact," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    20. Yuanbo Hu & Weilun Huang & Aibi Dai & Xuemeng Zhao, 2024. "Determinants of Non-Hydro Renewable Energy Consumption in China’s Provincial Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-43, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:637-:d:1580366. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.