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A Survey on Using Second-Life Batteries in Stationary Energy Storage Applications

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  • Majid Gharebaghi

    (Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Omid Rezaei

    (Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Changyao Li

    (Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Zhanle Wang

    (Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Yili Tang

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

Abstract

As a key component of transportation decarbonization, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing. However, EV batteries are typically retired once their state of health drops to around 80%, usually after 10 to 20 years of use. Despite this decline, retired EV batteries still retain 70–80% of their original capacity. Reusing these retired batteries as second-life batteries (SLBs) for battery energy storage systems can offer significant economic and environmental benefits. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical challenges and solutions, economic feasibility, environmental impacts, and case studies of existing projects. It also explores the current battery recycling process. The article concludes with an overview of the feasibility assessment, future development trends, market potential, and policy recommendations for the battery energy storage market.

Suggested Citation

  • Majid Gharebaghi & Omid Rezaei & Changyao Li & Zhanle Wang & Yili Tang, 2024. "A Survey on Using Second-Life Batteries in Stationary Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-33, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2024:i:1:p:42-:d:1553719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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