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A Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Microgrids for Temperature-Controlled Capacity and Time-Shifted Capacity, Considering Customer Satisfaction

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  • Yulong Yang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China)

  • Zhiwei Zhang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China)

Abstract

Since microgrids can effectively integrate renewable energy, energy storage devices, and controllable loads, this advantage promotes the rapid development and application of microgrid technology. However, with the high proportion of renewable energy access, only considering how energy is optimally distributed in microgrids can no longer meet the actual demand. How to aggregate user-side controllable loads to form regulation resources has become a research hotspot, and the users, as a passive party in the load scheduling process, should also be an important consideration in their perception of the use of electricity. First, a control model for temperature-controlled loads and a time-shift model for time-shiftable loads are developed. Then, the comprehensive electricity satisfaction model of users is established, and the two-layer optimal scheduling model of microgrids considering users’ satisfaction is proposed, with users as the upper layer and microgrids as the lower layer, and the two-layer model is transformed into a single-layer model according to the KKT condition for solving. Finally, the effect of the weighting factor for satisfaction on the economy is discussed through the analysis of examples, which verifies the effectiveness of the two-layer model.

Suggested Citation

  • Yulong Yang & Zhiwei Zhang, 2024. "A Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Microgrids for Temperature-Controlled Capacity and Time-Shifted Capacity, Considering Customer Satisfaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:8:p:1803-:d:1372689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Buratti, C. & Ricciardi, P. & Vergoni, M., 2013. "HVAC systems testing and check: A simplified model to predict thermal comfort conditions in moderate environments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 117-127.
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