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The Effects of Syngas Composition on Engine Thermal Balance in a Biomass Powered CHP Unit: A 3D CFD Study

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  • Michela Costa

    (Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (STEMS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale Marconi, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Daniele Piazzullo

    (Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (STEMS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale Marconi, 80125 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

Syngas from biomass gasification represents an interesting alternative to traditional fuels in spark-ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICEs). The presence of inert species in the syngas (H 2 O, CO 2 , N 2 ) reduces the amount of primary energy that can be exploited through combustion, but it can also have an insulating effect on the cylinder walls, increasing the average combustion temperature and reducing heat losses. A predictive numerical approach is here proposed to derive hints related to the possible optimization of the syngas-engine coupling and to balance at the best the opposite effects taking place during the energy conversion process. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed, based on a detailed kinetic mechanism of combustion, to reproduce the combustion cycle of a cogenerative engine fueled by syngas deriving from the gasification of different feedstocks. Numerical results are validated with respect to experimental measurements made under real operation. Main findings reveal how heat transfer mainly occurs through the chamber and piston walls up to 50° after top dead center (ATDC), with the presence of inert gases (mostly N 2 ) which decrease the syngas lower calorific value but have a beneficial insulating effect along the liner walls. However, the overall conversion efficiency of the biomass-to-ICE chain is mostly favored by high-quality syngas from biomasses with low-ashes content.

Suggested Citation

  • Michela Costa & Daniele Piazzullo, 2024. "The Effects of Syngas Composition on Engine Thermal Balance in a Biomass Powered CHP Unit: A 3D CFD Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:3:p:738-:d:1333180
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abolhasan Hashemisohi & Lijun Wang & Abolghasem Shahbazi, 2023. "Numerical Analysis of Tar and Syngas Formation during the Steam Gasification of Biomass in a Fluidized Bed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Diego Perrone & Teresa Castiglione & Pietropaolo Morrone & Ferdinando Pantano & Sergio Bova, 2023. "Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance Analysis of a Micro-Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) System Based on Biomass Gasification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Michela Costa & Maurizio La Villetta & Daniele Piazzullo & Domenico Cirillo, 2021. "A Phenomenological Model of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier Flexible to the Feedstock Composition and the Reactor Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-29, July.
    4. Vargas-Salgado, Carlos & Águila-León, Jesús & Alfonso-Solar, David & Malmquist, Anders, 2022. "Simulations and experimental study to compare the behavior of a genset running on gasoline or syngas for small scale power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    5. Klimantos, P. & Koukouzas, N. & Katsiadakis, A. & Kakaras, E., 2009. "Air-blown biomass gasification combined cycles (BGCC): System analysis and economic assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 708-714.
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