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Geothermal Solutions for Urban Energy Challenges: A Focus on CO 2 Plume Geothermal Systems

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  • George Antoneas

    (Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece)

  • Irene Koronaki

    (Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The utilization of geological formations, distinguished by natural porosity and permeability and protected by low-permeability caprock, has emerged as an effective strategy for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage. This method significantly contributes to mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the challenges of climate change. Recent research has unveiled the potential of CO 2 to enhance geothermal heat energy extraction in geothermal reservoirs by acting as a subsurface heat exchange fluid. This review paper explores the viability of CO 2 in augmenting geothermal heat energy extraction, comparing it to conventional water-based geothermal systems. Special emphasis is placed on CO 2 plume geothermal (CPG) systems, characterized by rapid deployment and long-term utilization of geothermal energy resources. With the overarching objective of establishing net-zero energy communities, the analysis of such systems offers a comprehensive understanding of their features, providing a fresh perspective on extracted energy within the context of energy supply in integrated, sustainable energy in built systems. Notably, these systems demonstrate efficacy in meeting the power requirements of an energy community, spanning both distinct heating and electricity needs. However, the key challenge lies in selecting suitable locations. This scientific review aims to comprehend the characteristics of CPG under specific temperature and pressure conditions while optimizing subsurface permeability. This insight is pivotal for identifying future locations for CPG operations with the intent of powering small energy communities.

Suggested Citation

  • George Antoneas & Irene Koronaki, 2024. "Geothermal Solutions for Urban Energy Challenges: A Focus on CO 2 Plume Geothermal Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:294-:d:1314411
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John W. Lund, 2010. "Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(8), pages 1-29, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lianghan Cong & Shuaiyi Lu & Pan Jiang & Tianqi Zheng & Ziwang Yu & Xiaoshu Lü, 2024. "Research Progress on CO 2 as Geothermal Working Fluid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Schifflechner, Christopher & de Reus, Jasper & Schuster, Sebastian & Corpancho Villasana, Andreas & Brillert, Dieter & Saar, Martin O. & Spliethoff, Hartmut, 2024. "Paving the way for CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) systems: A perspective on the CO2 surface equipment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).

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