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Multi-Level Decomposition and Interpretability-Enhanced Air Conditioning Load Forecasting Study

Author

Listed:
  • Xinting Yang

    (State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Ling Zhang

    (State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Hong Zhao

    (State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Wenhua Zhang

    (State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Chuan Long

    (State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Gang Wu

    (State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Junhao Zhao

    (College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China)

  • Xiaodong Shen

    (College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China)

Abstract

This study seeks to improve the accuracy of air conditioning load forecasting to address the challenges of load management in power systems during high-temperature periods in the summer. Given the limitations of traditional forecasting models in capturing different frequency components and noise within complex load sequences, this paper proposes a multi-level decomposition forecasting model using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), sample entropy (SE), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and long short-term memory (LSTM). First, CEEMDAN is used for the preliminary decomposition of the raw air-conditioning load series, with modal components aggregated by sample entropy to generate high-, medium-, and low-frequency subsequences. VMD then performs a secondary decomposition on the high-frequency subsequence to reduce its complexity, while LSTM is applied to each subsequence for prediction. The final prediction result of the air-conditioning load is obtained through reconstruction. To validate model performance, this paper uses air-conditioning load data from Nanchong City and Sichuan Province, for experimental analysis. Results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the LSTM model without decomposition and other benchmark models in prediction accuracy, with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reductions ranging from 40.26% to 74.18% and the Modified Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MMAPE) reductions from 37.75% to 73.41%. By employing the SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) method for both global and local interpretability, the model reveals the influence of key factors, such as historical load and temperature, on load forecasting. The decomposition and aggregation approach introduced in this paper substantially enhances forecasting accuracy, providing a scientific foundation for power system load management and dispatch.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinting Yang & Ling Zhang & Hong Zhao & Wenhua Zhang & Chuan Long & Gang Wu & Junhao Zhao & Xiaodong Shen, 2024. "Multi-Level Decomposition and Interpretability-Enhanced Air Conditioning Load Forecasting Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5881-:d:1527705
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    References listed on IDEAS

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