IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i19p5003-d1494114.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Heat Transfer Performance Factors in a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for a Geothermal Heat Pump System

Author

Listed:
  • Khaled Salhein

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48306, USA
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electronic Technology, Tripoli 20299, Libya
    Department of Communications, College of Electronic Technology, Bani Walid 38645, Libya)

  • C. J. Kobus

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48306, USA)

  • Mohamed Zohdy

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48306, USA)

  • Ahmed M. Annekaa

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electronic Technology, Tripoli 20299, Libya)

  • Edrees Yahya Alhawsawi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48306, USA
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah 21478, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sabriya Alghennai Salheen

    (Department of Communications, College of Electronic Technology, Bani Walid 38645, Libya)

Abstract

Ground heat pump systems (GHPSs) are esteemed for their high efficiency within renewable energy technologies, providing effective solutions for heating and cooling requirements. These GHPSs operate by utilizing the relatively constant temperature of the Earth’s subsurface as a thermal source or sink. This feature allows them to perform greater energy transfer than traditional heating and cooling systems (i.e., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)). The GHPSs represent a sustainable and cost-effective temperature-regulating solution in diverse applications. The ground heat exchanger (GHE) technology is well known, with extensive research and development conducted in recent decades significantly advancing its applications. Improving GHE performance factors is vital for enhancing heat transfer efficiency and overall GHPS performance. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of research on various factors affecting GHE performance, such as soil thermal properties, backfill material properties, borehole depth, spacing, U-tube pipe properties, and heat carrier fluid type and velocity. It also discusses their impact on heat transfer efficiency and proposes optimal solutions for improving GHE performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaled Salhein & C. J. Kobus & Mohamed Zohdy & Ahmed M. Annekaa & Edrees Yahya Alhawsawi & Sabriya Alghennai Salheen, 2024. "Heat Transfer Performance Factors in a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for a Geothermal Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-28, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:5003-:d:1494114
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/5003/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/5003/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lee, Chulho & Park, Moonseo & Nguyen, The-Bao & Sohn, Byonghu & Choi, Jong Min & Choi, Hangseok, 2012. "Performance evaluation of closed-loop vertical ground heat exchangers by conducting in-situ thermal response tests," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 77-83.
    2. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
    3. Self, Stuart J. & Reddy, Bale V. & Rosen, Marc A., 2013. "Geothermal heat pump systems: Status review and comparison with other heating options," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 341-348.
    4. Casasso, Alessandro & Sethi, Rajandrea, 2014. "Efficiency of closed loop geothermal heat pumps: A sensitivity analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 737-746.
    5. Yang, H. & Cui, P. & Fang, Z., 2010. "Vertical-borehole ground-coupled heat pumps: A review of models and systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 16-27, January.
    6. Florides, Georgios A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Pouloupatis, Panayiotis, 2013. "Single and double U-tube ground heat exchangers in multiple-layer substrates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 364-373.
    7. Serrano, Elena & Rus, Guillermo & García-Martínez, Javier, 2009. "Nanotechnology for sustainable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2373-2384, December.
    8. Jun, Liu & Xu, Zhang & Jun, Gao & Jie, Yang, 2009. "Evaluation of heat exchange rate of GHE in geothermal heat pump systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2898-2904.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Javadi, Hossein & Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Soheil & Rosen, Marc A. & Pourfallah, Mohsen, 2019. "Performance of ground heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of recent advances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 207-233.
    2. Pan, Aiqiang & McCartney, John S. & Lu, Lin & You, Tian, 2020. "A novel analytical multilayer cylindrical heat source model for vertical ground heat exchangers installed in layered ground," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Carotenuto, Alberto & Ciccolella, Michela & Massarotti, Nicola & Mauro, Alessandro, 2016. "Models for thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in low enthalpy geothermal energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 330-355.
    4. Ma, Zhenjun & Xia, Lei & Gong, Xuemei & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Zhou, Xinlei, 2020. "Recent advances and development in optimal design and control of ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    5. Nian, Yong-Le & Cheng, Wen-Long, 2018. "Insights into geothermal utilization of abandoned oil and gas wells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 44-60.
    6. Davide Menegazzo & Giulia Lombardo & Sergio Bobbo & Michele De Carli & Laura Fedele, 2022. "State of the Art, Perspective and Obstacles of Ground-Source Heat Pump Technology in the European Building Sector: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-25, April.
    7. Han, Chanjuan & Yu, Xiong (Bill), 2016. "Performance of a residential ground source heat pump system in sedimentary rock formation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 89-98.
    8. Esa Dube Kerme & Alan S. Fung & Wey H. Leong, 2024. "Analysis of the Combined Effect of Major Influencing Parameters for Designing High-Performance Single (sBHE) and Double (dBHE) U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-52, May.
    9. Abbas, Zulkarnain & Yong, Li & Abbas, Saqlain & Chen, Dongwen & Li, Y. & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Performance analysis of seasonal soil heat storage system based on numerical simulation and experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 66-78.
    10. Paul Christodoulides & Christakis Christou & Georgios A. Florides, 2024. "Ground Source Heat Pumps in Buildings Revisited and Prospects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-36, July.
    11. Rapantova, Nada & Pospisil, Pavel & Koziorek, Jiri & Vojcinak, Petr & Grycz, David & Rozehnal, Zdenek, 2016. "Optimisation of experimental operation of borehole thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 464-476.
    12. Beier, Richard A. & Spitler, Jeffrey D., 2016. "Weighted average of inlet and outlet temperatures in borehole heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 118-129.
    13. Han, Chanjuan & Yu, Xiong (Bill), 2016. "Sensitivity analysis of a vertical geothermal heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 148-160.
    14. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Twaha, Ssennoga & Riffat, Saffa, 2018. "A comprehensive review on 2D and 3D models of vertical ground heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 84-114.
    15. Deng, Zhenpeng & Nian, Yongle & Cheng, Wen-long, 2023. "Estimation method of layered ground thermal conductivity for U-tube BHE based on the quasi-3D model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 121-133.
    16. Ma, Qijie & Wang, Peijun, 2020. "Underground solar energy storage via energy piles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    17. Zhang, Linfeng & Zhang, Quan & Huang, Gongsheng, 2016. "A transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model for the fluid and ground temperature prediction of vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 65-75.
    18. Guo, Y. & Huang, G. & Liu, W.V., 2023. "A new semi-analytical solution addressing varying heat transfer rates for U-shaped vertical borehole heat exchangers in multilayered ground," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    19. Tang, F. & Lahoori, M. & Nowamooz, H. & Rosin-Paumier, S. & Masrouri, F., 2021. "A numerical study into effects of soil compaction and heat storage on thermal performance of a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 740-752.
    20. Nguyen, Hiep V. & Law, Ying Lam E. & Alavy, Masih & Walsh, Philip R. & Leong, Wey H. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2014. "An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 28-38.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:5003-:d:1494114. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.