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A Doublet State Palladium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex as a Dopant and Stabilizer for Improved Photostability in Organic Solar Cells

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  • Aliah El Astal-Quirós

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
    DGTCSI-ISCTI (Direzione Generale per le Tecnologie delle Comunicazioni e la Sicurezza Informatica-Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie Dell’informazione), Ministero dell’Impresa e del Made in Italy (MIMIt), Viale America, 201, 00144 Rome, Italy
    Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Rio”, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain)

  • Valentina Carrarini

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesca Zarotti

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Atiq Ur Rahman

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Agustí Lledós

    (Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Cristina G. Yebra

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Rio”, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain)

  • Ernesto de Jesús

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Rio”, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain)

  • Andrea Reale

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

The effect of doublet state metalloradical complex in a solar cell inside the common active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC 60 BM) is explored. In this work, it is demonstrated that the role of the bis-[1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene]palladium(I) hexafluoridophosphate dopant, [Pd(IPr Cl ) 2 ][PF 6 ], is crucial because the presence of a stable unpaired electron in the molecule significantly improves the optoelectronic performance of the device. We f the optimal concentration of this molecule in the active layer and demonstrate that the presence of this additive in the active layer helps to significantly improve the morphology of the device. The improvements in optoelectronic and morphological parameters are associated with a remarkable increase in photocurrent generation due to more favorable mechanisms of charge separation at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces of the active layer and reduced recombinations. Moreover, the presence of this additive improves the stability of the unencapsulated solar cell against photochemical degradation produced by sunlight.

Suggested Citation

  • Aliah El Astal-Quirós & Valentina Carrarini & Francesca Zarotti & Atiq Ur Rahman & Agustí Lledós & Cristina G. Yebra & Ernesto de Jesús & Andrea Reale, 2024. "A Doublet State Palladium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex as a Dopant and Stabilizer for Improved Photostability in Organic Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:15:p:3787-:d:1447717
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthew N. Hopkinson & Christian Richter & Michael Schedler & Frank Glorius, 2014. "An overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes," Nature, Nature, vol. 510(7506), pages 485-496, June.
    2. Yiru Sun & Noel C. Giebink & Hiroshi Kanno & Biwu Ma & Mark E. Thompson & Stephen R. Forrest, 2006. "Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices," Nature, Nature, vol. 440(7086), pages 908-912, April.
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