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Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models

Author

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  • Godiya Yakubu

    (Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowski Str., 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

  • Paweł Olejnik

    (Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowski Str., 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

  • Ademola B. Adisa

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Along Dass Road, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria
    Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria, 22 Addis Ababa Crescent, Wuse 4, Abuja 900281, Nigeria)

Abstract

The ability to power low-power devices and sensors has drawn a great deal of interest to energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. The application of variable-length pendulum systems in conjunction with piezoelectric or electromagnetic energy-harvesting devices is examined in this thorough analysis. Because of their changeable length, such pendulums may effectively convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This study covers these energy-harvesting systems’ basic theories, design concerns, modeling methods, and performance optimization strategies. This article reviews several studies that look at dynamic models, the effects of damping coefficients, device designs, and excitation parameters on energy output. The advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling techniques are demonstrated by comparative research. This review also looks at technical advances and future research prospects in variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesting. An expanded model for an energy harvester based on a variable-length pendulum derived from the modified, swinging Atwood machine is more specifically presented. This model’s numerical simulations, estimated current and voltage outputs, and produced power from the electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices integrated at various points in a 4-DOF variable-length pendulum model all indicate encouraging results. This necessitates extra study, changes, and optimizations to improve the usefulness of the proposed model. Finally, important dynamic models on developing variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesters for usage in a range of applications to create sustainable energy are summarized.

Suggested Citation

  • Godiya Yakubu & Paweł Olejnik & Ademola B. Adisa, 2024. "Variable-Length Pendulum-Based Mechatronic Systems for Energy Harvesting: A Review of Dynamic Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-36, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3469-:d:1435080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Wang, Hao & Jasim, Abbas & Chen, Xiaodan, 2018. "Energy harvesting technologies in roadway and bridge for different applications – A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1083-1094.
    3. Zhang, Bin & Zhou, Hanxiao & Zhao, Xiaolei & Gao, Jun & Zhou, Shengxi, 2023. "Design and experimental analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester based on stacked piezoceramic for nonharmonic excitations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Wu, Yipeng & Qiu, Jinhao & Zhou, Shengpeng & Ji, Hongli & Chen, Yang & Li, Sen, 2018. "A piezoelectric spring pendulum oscillator used for multi-directional and ultra-low frequency vibration energy harvesting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 600-614.
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