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Thermal, Electrical, and Economic Performance of a Hybrid Solar-Wind-Geothermal System: Case Study of a Detached House in Hamburg and Sylt, Germany

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  • Linwei Hu

    (Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
    GeoAnalysis Engineering GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Niklas Tischler

    (Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Zarghaam Haider Rizvi

    (GeoAnalysis Engineering GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Johannes Nordbeck

    (Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
    GeoAnalysis Engineering GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Frank Wuttke

    (Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

Abstract

Germany is undergoing an energy transition. By 2045, fossil fuels will be gradually replaced by clean energy. An alternative option is to use geothermal, solar and wind energy to generate heat or electricity. Currently, an economic model that considers these three energy sources and incorporates the design and installation of the energy system as well as operational costing focusing on the local market is lacking. In this study, we present a concept for a hybrid energy system combining solar, wind and geothermal energy for small, detached houses. We also develop a simplified economic model for the German market and local energy subsidy policies. The model was applied to two different cities in northern Germany, calculating the installation and long-term operating costs of different energy systems and combinations over a period of 100 years, including the consideration of the lifespan of variable equipment. The calculations show that for this small hybrid energy system the initial installation costs can vary from EUR 20,344 to EUR 70,186 depending on different portfolios. Long-term operating costs come mainly from electricity purchased from the grid to compensate for periods of low solar or wind production. In addition, the study included a calculation of the payback period for retrofitting a natural gas heating system. Results show that combining a photovoltaic system with a ground source heat pump, especially in the form of a near-surface heat exchanger, yields a shorter payback period (5 to 10 years). However, the incorporation of on-roof wind turbines into the hybrid energy system may significantly prolong the payback period and is therefore not recommended for use in low wind speed areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Linwei Hu & Niklas Tischler & Zarghaam Haider Rizvi & Johannes Nordbeck & Frank Wuttke, 2024. "Thermal, Electrical, and Economic Performance of a Hybrid Solar-Wind-Geothermal System: Case Study of a Detached House in Hamburg and Sylt, Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:12:p:2856-:d:1412241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francesco Tinti & Patrizia Tassinari & Dimitra Rapti & Stefano Benni, 2023. "Development of a Pilot Borehole Storage System of Solar Thermal Energy: Modeling, Design, and Installation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    2. Maragna, Charles & Rey, Charlotte & Perreaux, Marc, 2023. "A novel and versatile solar Borehole Thermal Energy Storage assisted by a Heat Pump. Part 1: System description," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 709-725.
    3. Yang, Weibo & Xu, Rui & Wang, Feng & Chen, Shikun, 2020. "Experimental and numerical investigations on the thermal performance of a horizontal spiral-coil ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 979-995.
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