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Regeneration of Rock Temperature Using Solar Thermal Energy Storage in Ground Source Heat Pump Systems—Sustainability for Regions with Both Heating and Cooling Needs

Author

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  • Tomislav Kurevija

    (Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering and Energy, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Marija Macenić

    (Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering and Energy, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Veronika Galović

    (Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

The storage of thermal energy within the ground serves as a method to balance irregular energy consumption for heating throughout the year. This principle revolves around the accumulation of thermal energy during the summer months, allowing for its utilization for heating buildings during the winter months. This paper focuses on the technique of storing heat energy in the ground, known as borehole thermal energy storage (BTES), via borehole heat exchangers (BHE), which are designed to harness shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling purposes. The model of regenerating heat in rocks, after subcooling of the ground in winter months, could be conducted by storing solar energy using a panel collector. The method of solar heat regeneration on a real building with a high number of BHEs was analyzed, with special attention on certain restrictions. In climates such as northern Croatia with cold winters and warm to hot summers, where besides heating loads there are certain cooling loads present, the implementation of this ground temperature regeneration method on the cooling and heating efficiency of heat pumps was studied. This paper presents research on the possibility of using this field as a BTES system coupled with solar collectors in a climate with both heating and cooling loads present.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomislav Kurevija & Marija Macenić & Veronika Galović, 2025. "Regeneration of Rock Temperature Using Solar Thermal Energy Storage in Ground Source Heat Pump Systems—Sustainability for Regions with Both Heating and Cooling Needs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:4:p:1710-:d:1594080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rad, Farzin M. & Fung, Alan S., 2016. "Solar community heating and cooling system with borehole thermal energy storage – Review of systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1550-1561.
    2. Francesco Tinti & Patrizia Tassinari & Dimitra Rapti & Stefano Benni, 2023. "Development of a Pilot Borehole Storage System of Solar Thermal Energy: Modeling, Design, and Installation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    3. Petri Penttinen & Jussi Vimpari & Seppo Junnila, 2021. "Optimal Seasonal Heat Storage in a District Heating System with Waste Incineration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Lizana, Jesús & Ortiz, Carlos & Soltero, Víctor M. & Chacartegui, Ricardo, 2017. "District heating systems based on low-carbon energy technologies in Mediterranean areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 397-416.
    5. Renaldi, Renaldi & Friedrich, Daniel, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis of a solar district heating system with seasonal thermal storage in the UK," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 388-400.
    6. Nilsson, Emil & Rohdin, Patrik, 2019. "Performance evaluation of an industrial borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) project – Experiences from the first seven years of operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1022-1034.
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