IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i11p2577-d1402334.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Standalone and Hybridised Flywheels for Frequency Response Services: A Techno-Economic Feasibility Study

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew J. Hutchinson

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK)

  • Daniel T. Gladwin

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK)

Abstract

Frequency response services are one of the key components used by major electrical networks worldwide, acting to help control the frequency within set boundaries. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are commonly deployed for this purpose; however, their potential is limited by susceptibility to cycle-based degradation and widely reported safety incidents. Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESSs) do not share these weaknesses and hence could be a potential candidate for longer-term participation in frequency response markets. This study presents the most in-depth and wide-ranging techno-economic analysis of the feasibility of FESSs for frequency response to date. Standalone FESSs are shown to be economically viable across a range of different specifications, achieving a positive Net Present Value (NPV) under varying economic conditions. At a capital cost of 500 GBP/kW with a discount rate of 4%, a 5C FESS can achieve an NPV of GBP 38,586 as a standalone unit. The complex trade-offs when considering hybridising FESSs and BESSs for this application are also investigated in-depth for the first time, again showing positive changes to NPV under various scenarios. Conversely, under some conditions, hybridisation can have a significant negative impact, showcasing the optimisation needed when considering hybrid systems. The impact of introducing a hybrid BESS varies from a low of decreasing the NPV of the system by GBP 97,955 to a high of increasing the NPV by GBP 119,621 depending on the configuration chosen. This comprehensive work provides the foundations for future research into FESS deployment for frequency response services and shows for the first time the circumstances under which deployment for this application would be both technically and economically viable.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew J. Hutchinson & Daniel T. Gladwin, 2024. "Standalone and Hybridised Flywheels for Frequency Response Services: A Techno-Economic Feasibility Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-23, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:11:p:2577-:d:1402334
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/11/2577/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/11/2577/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kai Xu & Youguang Guo & Gang Lei & Jianguo Zhu, 2023. "A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-32, September.
    2. Martins, Jason & Miles, John, 2021. "A techno-economic assessment of battery business models in the UK electricity market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PB).
    3. Greenwood, D.M. & Lim, K.Y. & Patsios, C. & Lyons, P.F. & Lim, Y.S. & Taylor, P.C., 2017. "Frequency response services designed for energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 115-127.
    4. Xingjian Dai & Kunpeng Wei & Xiaozhang Zhang, 2019. "Analysis of the Peak Load Leveling Mode of a Hybrid Power System with Flywheel Energy Storage in Oil Drilling Rig," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Prodromidis, George N. & Coutelieris, Frank A., 2012. "Simulations of economical and technical feasibility of battery and flywheel hybrid energy storage systems in autonomous projects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 149-153.
    6. Aneke, Mathew & Wang, Meihong, 2016. "Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 350-377.
    7. Moez Krichen & Yasir Basheer & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Asad Waqar, 2023. "A Survey on Energy Storage: Techniques and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-29, February.
    8. Pablo Carrasco Ortega & Pablo Durán Gómez & Julio César Mérida Sánchez & Fernando Echevarría Camarero & Ángel Á. Pardiñas, 2023. "Battery Energy Storage Systems for the New Electricity Market Landscape: Modeling, State Diagnostics, Management, and Viability—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-51, August.
    9. Sergi Obrador Rey & Juan Alberto Romero & Lluis Trilla Romero & Àlber Filbà Martínez & Xavier Sanchez Roger & Muhammad Attique Qamar & José Luis Domínguez-García & Levon Gevorkov, 2023. "Powering the Future: A Comprehensive Review of Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Barelli, L. & Bidini, G. & Bonucci, F. & Castellini, L. & Fratini, A. & Gallorini, F. & Zuccari, A., 2019. "Flywheel hybridization to improve battery life in energy storage systems coupled to RES plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 937-950.
    2. Parwal, Arvind & Fregelius, Martin & Temiz, Irinia & Göteman, Malin & Oliveira, Janaina G. de & Boström, Cecilia & Leijon, Mats, 2018. "Energy management for a grid-connected wave energy park through a hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 399-411.
    3. Maria Fotopoulou & Panagiotis Pediaditis & Niki Skopetou & Dimitrios Rakopoulos & Sotirios Christopoulos & Avraam Kartalidis, 2024. "A Review of the Energy Storage Systems of Non-Interconnected European Islands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-24, February.
    4. Zhang, Ziyu & Ding, Tao & Zhou, Quan & Sun, Yuge & Qu, Ming & Zeng, Ziyu & Ju, Yuntao & Li, Li & Wang, Kang & Chi, Fangde, 2021. "A review of technologies and applications on versatile energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    5. Linda Barelli & Gianni Bidini & Fabio Bonucci & Luca Castellini & Simone Castellini & Andrea Ottaviano & Dario Pelosi & Alberto Zuccari, 2018. "Dynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (H-ESS) Coupled to a Photovoltaic (PV) Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-23, February.
    6. Zhao, Chunyang & Andersen, Peter Bach & Træholt, Chresten & Hashemi, Seyedmostafa, 2023. "Grid-connected battery energy storage system: a review on application and integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    7. Cavazzini, Giovanna & Houdeline, Jean-Bernard & Pavesi, Giorgio & Teller, Olivier & Ardizzon, Guido, 2018. "Unstable behaviour of pump-turbines and its effects on power regulation capacity of pumped-hydro energy storage plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 399-409.
    8. Argyrou, Maria C. & Christodoulides, Paul & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2018. "Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 804-821.
    9. Miguel J. Prieto & Juan Á. Martínez & Rogelio Peón & Lourdes Á. Barcia & Fernando Nuño, 2017. "On the Convenience of Using Simulation Models to Optimize the Control Strategy of Molten-Salt Heat Storage Systems in Solar Thermal Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Qin, Chao & Saunders, Gordon & Loth, Eric, 2017. "Offshore wind energy storage concept for cost-of-rated-power savings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 148-157.
    11. Fabietti, Luca & Qureshi, Faran A. & Gorecki, Tomasz T. & Salzmann, Christophe & Jones, Colin N., 2018. "Multi-time scale coordination of complementary resources for the provision of ancillary services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 1164-1180.
    12. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    13. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Canales, Fausto A. & Lin, Shaoquan & Ahmed, Salman & Zhang, Yijie, 2021. "Economic analysis and optimization of a renewable energy based power supply system with different energy storages for a remote island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1376-1394.
    14. Dimou, Andreas & Vakalis, Stergios, 2022. "Technoeconomic analysis of green energy transitions in isolated grids: The case of Ai Stratis – Green Island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 66-75.
    15. Hossein Lotfi & Mohammad Hasan Nikkhah, 2024. "Multi-Objective Profit-Based Unit Commitment with Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Units Using a Modified Optimization Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    16. Liu, Jicheng & Sun, Jiakang & Yuan, Hanying & Su, Yihan & Feng, Shuxian & Lu, Chaoran, 2022. "Behavior analysis of photovoltaic-storage-use value chain game evolution in blockchain environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    17. Masebinu, S.O. & Akinlabi, E.T. & Muzenda, E. & Aboyade, A.O., 2017. "Techno-economics and environmental analysis of energy storage for a student residence under a South African time-of-use tariff rate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 413-429.
    18. Liu, Hailiang & Brown, Tom & Andresen, Gorm Bruun & Schlachtberger, David P. & Greiner, Martin, 2019. "The role of hydro power, storage and transmission in the decarbonization of the Chinese power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1308-1321.
    19. Fulin Fan & Giorgio Zorzi & David Campos-Gaona & Graeme Burt & Olimpo Anaya-Lara & John Nwobu & Ander Madariaga, 2021. "Sizing and Coordination Strategies of Battery Energy Storage System Co-Located with Wind Farm: The UK Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    20. Bossink, Bart A.G., 2017. "Demonstrating sustainable energy: A review based model of sustainable energy demonstration projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1349-1362.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:11:p:2577-:d:1402334. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.