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Comparative Study of Grid Frequency Stability Using Flywheel-Based Variable-Speed Drive and Energy Capacitor System

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  • Kenneth E. Okedu

    (Smart Energy Research Unit, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul 25370, Turkey)

  • Akhtar Kalam

    (Smart Energy Research Unit, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia)

Abstract

Recently, there has been a rise in the integration of renewable energy sources into power grids. As a result of this, there is a need to carry out new studies in order to understand the dynamics of power grids during disturbances that is mainly caused by the stochastic nature of wind energy. The operation of modern power grids that are tied to wind farms follows a stipulated grid requirement or grid codes, considering the allowable threshold frequency variation during grid dynamics. This paper presents a comparative study of two frequency control schemes considering grid frequency stability using two frequency control topologies. A novel dynamic flywheel scheme with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) variable-speed wind turbine with the coordinated control of excess kinetic energy and mechanical torque during operation was the first scheme, and a control strategy of an energy capacitor system (ECS) with a squirrel cage induction generator fixed-speed wind turbine (FSWT) was the second scheme. The salient part of this study was that the DFIG maximum point power tracking for effective smoothing of the output of the wind generator in the first scheme was designed based on the control strategy of its reference power to achieve smoothing of the wind power at the terminals of the wind generator. The model system employed in this work was a wind farm that is tied to a conventional power grid made of steam and hydro synchronous turbines. For an effective and fair comparison of results, the same natural wind speed was used in PSCAD/EMTDC for both schemes. When no control, Scheme 1, and Scheme 2 were implemented, the frequency dips were 47.20, 49.99, and 49.99 Hz with overshoots of 50.500, 50.005, and 50.001 Hz and recovery times of over 600.00, 0.01, 0.01 s, respectively, for the frequency variable.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenneth E. Okedu & Akhtar Kalam, 2023. "Comparative Study of Grid Frequency Stability Using Flywheel-Based Variable-Speed Drive and Energy Capacitor System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3515-:d:1126433
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Attya, A.B. & Dominguez-Garcia, J.L. & Anaya-Lara, O., 2018. "A review on frequency support provision by wind power plants: Current and future challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2071-2087.
    2. Wei Gu & Wei Liu & Zhi Wu & Bo Zhao & Wu Chen, 2013. "Cooperative Control to Enhance the Frequency Stability of Islanded Microgrids with DFIG-SMES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-21, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Henok Ayele Behabtu & Majid Vafaeipour & Abraham Alem Kebede & Maitane Berecibar & Joeri Van Mierlo & Kinde Anlay Fante & Maarten Messagie & Thierry Coosemans, 2023. "Smoothing Intermittent Output Power in Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-37, November.

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