IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i8p3375-d1121358.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Outdoor Climate as a Decision Variable in the Selection of an Energy-Optimal Refrigeration System Based on Natural Refrigerants for a Supermarket

Author

Listed:
  • Lawrence Drojetzki

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Mieczyslaw Porowski

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a simulation study on the selection of an energy-optimal refrigeration system based on natural refrigerants as a function of outdoor climate parameters as a decision variable in a supermarket application. Simulations were conducted for twelve locations. Three new original refrigeration systems were presented: Cascade R744/R717 which is an advanced booster extended with an ammonia condensing system (CASC_1); Cascade R744/R717 with CO 2 pump-fed MT and pressure-fed LT evaporators (CASC_2); and the R717 booster with CO 2 pump-fed MT and LT evaporators (CB_NH3). As a reference system, a CO 2 booster system with multi-ejectors and flooded evaporators (CB_EJ) was adopted. The CB_EJ system has been confirmed to be energy optimal for cold and temperate climates (Cfb, Dfa and cooler). In warm temperate climates (Csa, BSk, Cfa and similar), the energy consumption of CB_NH3 was the lowest. CASC_2 and CB_NH3 are energy optimal for hot climates (BWh, Af, Aw). The CB_NH3 system always outperforms CASC_2 by 2.5–3.8%. For a tropical climate (Bhubaneswar—Aw), the annual electricity demand of the optimal CB_NH3 system is lower by 18.8%, 10.2%, and 2.7% relative to CB_EJ, CASC_1, and CASC_2, respectively. The COP of the CASC_1 (outdoor temperature 40 °C) is higher by 50%, 2.7%, and 4.7% compared with the CB_EJ, CB_NH3 and CASC_2 systems, respectively. The application of CASC_1 system, relative to CB_EJ, is reasonable only for hot climates and decreases by 7.2% the annual electricity demand for Bhubaneswar.

Suggested Citation

  • Lawrence Drojetzki & Mieczyslaw Porowski, 2023. "Outdoor Climate as a Decision Variable in the Selection of an Energy-Optimal Refrigeration System Based on Natural Refrigerants for a Supermarket," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-24, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3375-:d:1121358
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3375/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3375/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chesi, Andrea & Esposito, Fabio & Ferrara, Giovanni & Ferrari, Lorenzo, 2014. "Experimental analysis of R744 parallel compression cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 274-285.
    2. Paride Gullo, 2018. "Advanced Thermodynamic Analysis of a Transcritical R744 Booster Refrigerating Unit with Dedicated Mechanical Subcooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-26, November.
    3. Purohit, Nilesh & Sharma, Vishaldeep & Sawalha, Samer & Fricke, Brian & Llopis, Rodrigo & Dasgupta, Mani Sankar, 2018. "Integrated supermarket refrigeration for very high ambient temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 572-590.
    4. Paride Gullo & Armin Hafner & Krzysztof Banasiak & Silvia Minetto & Ekaterini E. Kriezi, 2019. "Multi-Ejector Concept: A Comprehensive Review on its Latest Technological Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-29, January.
    5. Ángel Á. Pardiñas & Michael Jokiel & Christian Schlemminger & Håkon Selvnes & Armin Hafner, 2021. "Modeling of a CO 2 -Based Integrated Refrigeration System for Supermarkets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michal Haida & Rafal Fingas & Wojciech Szwajnoch & Jacek Smolka & Michal Palacz & Jakub Bodys & Andrzej J. Nowak, 2019. "An Object-Oriented R744 Two-Phase Ejector Reduced-Order Model for Dynamic Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-24, April.
    2. Artur Bieniek & Jan Kuchmacz & Karol Sztekler & Lukasz Mika & Ewelina Radomska, 2021. "A New Method of Regulating the Cooling Capacity of a Cooling System with CO 2," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Laura Nebot-Andrés & Daniel Calleja-Anta & Daniel Sánchez & Ramón Cabello & Rodrigo Llopis, 2019. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a CO 2 Refrigeration Cycle with Integrated Mechanical Subcooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. J. Catalán-Gil & L. Nebot-Andrés & D. Sánchez & R. Llopis & R. Cabello & D. Calleja-Anta, 2020. "Improvements in CO 2 Booster Architectures with Different Economizer Arrangements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-29, March.
    5. Liu, Shengchun & Lu, Fenping & Dai, Baomin & Nian, Victor & Li, Hailong & Qi, Haifeng & Li, Jiayu, 2019. "Performance analysis of two-stage compression transcritical CO2 refrigeration system with R290 mechanical subcooling unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    6. Francisco Amaral & Alex Santos & Ewerton Calixto & Fernando Pessoa & Delano Santana, 2020. "Exergetic Evaluation of an Ethylene Refrigeration Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-21, July.
    7. Paolo Artuso & Giacomo Tosato & Antonio Rossetti & Sergio Marinetti & Armin Hafner & Krzysztof Banasiak & Silvia Minetto, 2021. "Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744 Heat Pump for High Energy Demand Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Yuyao Sun & Jinfeng Wang & Jing Xie, 2021. "Performance Optimizations of the Transcritical CO 2 Two-Stage Compression Refrigeration System and Influences of the Auxiliary Gas Cooler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, September.
    9. Ángel Á. Pardiñas & Michael Jokiel & Christian Schlemminger & Håkon Selvnes & Armin Hafner, 2021. "Modeling of a CO 2 -Based Integrated Refrigeration System for Supermarkets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    10. Knut Emil Ringstad & Krzysztof Banasiak & Åsmund Ervik & Armin Hafner, 2022. "Swirl-Bypass Nozzle for CO 2 Two-Phase Ejectors: Numerical Design Exploration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-30, September.
    11. Haida, Michal & Smolka, Jacek & Hafner, Armin & Ostrowski, Ziemowit & Palacz, Michal & Nowak, Andrzej J. & Banasiak, Krzysztof, 2018. "System model derivation of the CO2 two-phase ejector based on the CFD-based reduced-order model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 941-956.
    12. Li, Shengyu & Yan, Jia & Liu, Zhan & Yao, Yong & Li, Xianbi & Wen, Na & Zou, Guorong, 2019. "Optimization on crucial ejector geometries in a multi-evaporator refrigeration system for tropical region refrigerated trucks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    13. Lixing Zheng & Yiyan Zhang & Lifen Hao & Haojie Lian & Jianqiang Deng & Wei Lu, 2022. "Modelling, Optimization, and Experimental Studies of Refrigeration CO 2 Ejectors: A Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Yikai Wang & Yifan He & Yulong Song & Xiang Yin & Feng Cao & Xiaolin Wang, 2021. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Air Source Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater Using CO 2 -Based Mixture as Working Fluid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
    15. Besagni, Giorgio, 2019. "Ejectors on the cutting edge: The past, the present and the perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 998-1003.
    16. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Guo, Zhikai & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Experimental energetic analysis of CO2/R41 blends in automobile air-conditioning and heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1142-1153.
    17. Peris Pérez, Bernardo & Ávila Gutiérrez, Miguel & Expósito Carrillo, José Antonio & Salmerón Lissén, José Manuel, 2022. "Performance of Solar-driven Ejector Refrigeration System (SERS) as pre-cooling system for air handling units in warm climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    18. Li, Hao & Gong, Xiufeng & Xu, Wenjie & Li, Minxia & Dang, Chaobin, 2020. "Effects of climate on the solar-powered R1234ze/CO2 cascade cycle for space cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 870-883.
    19. Fang, Zhongcheng & Fan, Chaochao & Yan, Gang & Yu, Jianlin, 2019. "Performance evaluation of a modified refrigeration cycle with parallel compression for refrigerator-freezer applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    20. Jianmei Feng & Jiquan Han & Zihui Pang & Xueyuan Peng, 2023. "Designing Hydrogen Recirculation Ejectors for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-10, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3375-:d:1121358. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.