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Modelling, Optimization, and Experimental Studies of Refrigeration CO 2 Ejectors: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Lixing Zheng

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Yiyan Zhang

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Lifen Hao

    (School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Haojie Lian

    (Key Laboratory of In-Situ Property-Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Jianqiang Deng

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Wei Lu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

Abstract

CO 2 is regarded as an effective and environmentally friendly refrigerant. Using a CO 2 ejector is a proven method for enhancing the effectiveness of a transcritical CO 2 refrigerant system. However, the complex internal flow of a CO 2 ejector, involving supersonic effects, phase change effects, metastable effects, and so on, makes it difficult to understand. In order to summarize the current state of the technology and knowledge gaps, this work provides a comprehensive literature review on CO 2 ejectors. In the first part, mathematical modelling and simulation calculations of CO 2 ejectors are presented, and an overview and classification of ejector models are given. In the second part, the structural optimization part of the ejector is described in detail, and the nozzle structure, the mixing chamber length, improvements to multi-jet systems, and the impact of these factors on the system performance are analyzed. In the third part, flow visualization is used to study the complex flow phenomenon, and the effect of the shock wave on the entrained rate of the ejector is discussed. Finally, the paper outlines the relationship between all ejector technologies, working fluids, and ejector performance and makes valid recommendations for further research and development of CO 2 ejectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Lixing Zheng & Yiyan Zhang & Lifen Hao & Haojie Lian & Jianqiang Deng & Wei Lu, 2022. "Modelling, Optimization, and Experimental Studies of Refrigeration CO 2 Ejectors: A Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:22:p:4325-:d:976913
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lixing Zheng & Hongwei Hu & Weibo Wang & Yiyan Zhang & Lingmei Wang, 2022. "Study on Flow Distribution and Structure Optimization in a Mix Chamber and Diffuser of a CO 2 Two-Phase Ejector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Paride Gullo & Armin Hafner & Krzysztof Banasiak & Silvia Minetto & Ekaterini E. Kriezi, 2019. "Multi-Ejector Concept: A Comprehensive Review on its Latest Technological Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-29, January.
    3. Li, Yafei & Deng, Jianqiang, 2022. "Numerical investigation on the performance of transcritical CO2 two-phase ejector with a novel non-equilibrium CFD model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    4. Giacomelli, Francesco & Mazzelli, Federico & Milazzo, Adriano, 2018. "A novel CFD approach for the computation of R744 flashing nozzles in compressible and metastable conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1092-1105.
    5. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "An updated review of recent advances on modified technologies in transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    6. Zou, Huiming & Yang, Tianyang & Tang, Mingsheng & Tian, Changqing & Butrymowicz, Dariusz, 2022. "Ejector optimization and performance analysis of electric vehicle CO2 heat pump with dual ejectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    7. Chen, Jianyong & Li, Yunhai & Chen, Weixiong & Luo, Xianglong & Chen, Ying & Yang, Zhi & Eames, Ian W., 2018. "Investigation of the ejector nozzle in refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 571-587.
    8. Bodys, Jakub & Smolka, Jacek & Palacz, Michal & Haida, Michal & Banasiak, Krzysztof & Nowak, Andrzej J. & Hafner, Armin, 2016. "Performance of fixed geometry ejectors with a swirl motion installed in a multi-ejector module of a CO2 refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 620-631.
    9. Li, Yafei & Deng, Jianqiang & Ma, Li, 2019. "Experimental study on the primary flow expansion characteristics in transcritical CO2 two-phase ejectors with different primary nozzle diverging angles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
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