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Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Air Source Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater Using CO 2 -Based Mixture as Working Fluid

Author

Listed:
  • Yikai Wang

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Yifan He

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Yulong Song

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Xiang Yin

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Feng Cao

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Xiaolin Wang

    (School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia)

Abstract

Given the large demand nowadays for domestic hot water, and its impact on modern building energy consumption, air source transcritical CO 2 heat pumps have been extensively adopted for hot water production. Since their system efficiency is limited by significant irreversibility, a CO 2 -based mixture could offer a promising drop-in technology to overcome this deficiency without increasing system complexity. Although many CO 2 blends have been studied in previously published literature, little has been presented about the CO 2 /R32 mixture. Therefore, a proposed mixture for use in transcritical CO 2 heat pumps was analyzed using energy and exergy analysis. Results showed that the coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency variation displayed an “M” shape trend, and the optimal CO 2 /R32 mixture concentration was determined as 0.9/0.1 with regard to flammability and efficiency. The irreversibility of the throttling valve was reduced from 0.031 to 0.009 kW⋅kW −1 and the total irreversibility reduction was more notable with ambient temperature variation. A case study was also conducted to examine domestic hot water demand during the year. Pure CO 2 and the proposed CO 2 blend were compared with regard to annual performance factor and annual exergy efficiency, and the findings could provide guidance for practical applications in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Yikai Wang & Yifan He & Yulong Song & Xiang Yin & Feng Cao & Xiaolin Wang, 2021. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Air Source Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater Using CO 2 -Based Mixture as Working Fluid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4470-:d:600490
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    References listed on IDEAS

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