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Experimental Study of the Degradation Characteristics of LiFePO 4 and LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Batteries during Overcharging at Low Temperatures

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  • Xiaoning Zhang

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

  • Pengfei Sun

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

  • Shixue Wang

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

  • Yu Zhu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

Abstract

Battery overcharging can occur due to capacity and internal resistance variations among cells or battery management system failure that both accelerate battery degradation, which is more likely at low temperatures because of the large polarization effect. This study experimentally investigated the battery degradation characteristics during charging of LiFePO 4 (LFP)/Graphite batteries at voltages of 3.65–4.8 V and Li(Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 )O 2 (NCM)/Graphite batteries at 4.2–4.8 V at −10 °C with currents of 0.2–1 C. The results showed that the LFP cell capacities decreased linearly with an increasing number of cycles, while the NCM cell capacities faded in three trends with an increasing number of cycles under different conditions with linear fading, accelerated fading, and decelerated fading. The incremental capacity curves and differential voltage curves showed that the LFP cell degradation was mainly caused by the loss of lithium inventory (LLI), with some effect from the loss of active material (LAM). In the NCM cells, both the LLI and LAM significantly contributed to the degradation. Combined with internal battery morphology observations, the LAM mainly occurred at the anode, and the main side reactions leading to the LLI with lithium plating and solid electrolyte interface growth also occurred at the anode.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoning Zhang & Pengfei Sun & Shixue Wang & Yu Zhu, 2023. "Experimental Study of the Degradation Characteristics of LiFePO 4 and LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Batteries during Overcharging at Low Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2786-:d:1099851
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ren, Dongsheng & Feng, Xuning & Lu, Languang & He, Xiangming & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Overcharge behaviors and failure mechanism of lithium-ion batteries under different test conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 323-332.
    2. Yan, Dongxiang & Lu, Languang & Li, Zhe & Feng, Xuning & Ouyang, Minggao & Jiang, Fachao, 2016. "Durability comparison of four different types of high-power batteries in HEV and their degradation mechanism analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1123-1130.
    3. Ye, Jiana & Chen, Haodong & Wang, Qingsong & Huang, Peifeng & Sun, Jinhua & Lo, Siuming, 2016. "Thermal behavior and failure mechanism of lithium ion cells during overcharge under adiabatic conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 464-474.
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