Chemical Looping Gasification of Wood Waste Using NiO-Modified Hematite as an Oxygen Carrier

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) technology is an effective approach to converting wood waste into high-quality syngas. In the present work, the reactivity of natural hematite is enhanced by doping with nickel oxide (NiO), and the effects of various operating parameters upon the CLG of wood waste are investigated using the NiO-modified hematite as an oxygen carrier. The NiO-modified hematite gives a significantly increased carbon conversion of 79.74%, and a valid gas yield of 0.69 m 3 /kg, compared to 68.13% and 0.59 m 3 /kg, respectively, for the pristine (natural) hematite, and 54.62% and 0.55 m 3 /kg, respectively, for the Al 2 O 3 , thereby indicating that the modification with NiO improves reactivity of natural hematite towards the CLG of wood waste. In addition, a suitable mass ratio of oxygen carrier to wood waste (O/W) is shown to be beneficial for the production of high-quality syngas, with a maximum valid gas yield of 0.69 m 3 /kg at an O/W ratio of 1. Further, an increase in reaction temperature is shown to promote the conversion of wood waste, giving a maximum conversion of 86.14% at reaction temperature of 900 °C. In addition, the introduction of an appropriate amount of steam improves both the conversion of wood waste and the quality of the syngas, although excessive steam leads to decreases in the reaction temperature and gas residence time. Therefore, the optimum S/B (mass ratio of steam to biomass) is determined to be 0.4, giving a carbon conversion and valid gas yield of 86.63% and 0.94 m 3 /kg, respectively. Moreover, the reactivity of the NiO-modified hematite is well-maintained during 20 cycles, with a carbon conversion and valid gas yield of around 79% and 0.69 m 3 /kg, respectively. Additionally, the XRD and SEM-EDS analyses indicate no measurable change in the crystal phase of the re-oxidized oxygen carrier.