IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i24p8089-d1301256.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Analysis of National Position, Opportunity, and Challenge of Indonesia’s Nuclear Program to Support Net-Zero Emissions by 2060

Author

Listed:
  • Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Andrew Cahyo Adhi

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Handrea Bernando Tambunan

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Wigas Digwijaya

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Natalina Damanik

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia)

Abstract

Coal contributed 303 million tons of CO 2 (49% of total emissions) in Indonesia in 2021. The Indonesian government plans to retire all coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have low CO 2 emissions. This research aims to analyze the status of the nuclear program and examine the opportunities and challenges of NPPs in supporting net-zero emissions. The method used is a literature study of national positions and a simulation of the use of NPPs with the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP) up to 2060. The Business as Usual (BaU) scenario still relies on CFPPs. The retired CFPP scenario consists of NPP utilization of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. It was found that the national position of Indonesia is in phase 1 (considering), because legally there is no policy on the use of NPPs in laws, the National Development Plan, or energy policies. A Nuclear Energy Program Implementation Organization (NEPIO) has not yet been established. The simulation results conclude that with limited renewable energy potential, NPPs have the opportunity to fulfill electricity production needs and reduce CO 2 emissions significantly. The challenge of using NPPs is the increasing production and investment costs of electricity that come along with the increase in the use of NPPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta & Andrew Cahyo Adhi & Handrea Bernando Tambunan & Wigas Digwijaya & Natalina Damanik & Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi, 2023. "An Analysis of National Position, Opportunity, and Challenge of Indonesia’s Nuclear Program to Support Net-Zero Emissions by 2060," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-37, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8089-:d:1301256
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8089/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8089/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Siavash Asiaban & Nezmin Kayedpour & Arash E. Samani & Dimitar Bozalakov & Jeroen D. M. De Kooning & Guillaume Crevecoeur & Lieven Vandevelde, 2021. "Wind and Solar Intermittency and the Associated Integration Challenges: A Comprehensive Review Including the Status in the Belgian Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-41, May.
    2. Nian, Victor & Chou, S.K., 2014. "The state of nuclear power two years after Fukushima – The ASEAN perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 838-848.
    3. Satria Putra Kanugrahan & Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam & Herry Nugraha, 2022. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Indonesia Power Generation Expansion to Achieve Economic Sustainability and Net Zero Carbon 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2009. "The intermittency of wind, solar, and renewable electricity generators: Technical barrier or rhetorical excuse?," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(3-4), pages 288-296, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rabindra Nepal & Han Phoumin & Abiral Khatri, 2021. "Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN)—At Crossroads or Roundabout?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Woo, C.K. & Zarnikau, J. & Moore, J. & Horowitz, I., 2011. "Wind generation and zonal-market price divergence: Evidence from Texas," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 3928-3938, July.
    3. Zafirakis, D. & Chalvatzis, K. & Kaldellis, J.K., 2013. "“Socially just” support mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources in Greece," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 478-493.
    4. Vagliasindi, Maria, 2012. "The role of policy driven incentives to attract PPPs in renewable-based energy in developing countries : a cross-country analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6120, The World Bank.
    5. Byuk-Keun Jo & Gilsoo Jang, 2019. "An Evaluation of the Effect on the Expansion of Photovoltaic Power Generation According to Renewable Energy Certificates on Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of the Korean Renewable Energy Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Squalli, Jay, 2017. "Renewable energy, coal as a baseload power source, and greenhouse gas emissions: Evidence from U.S. state-level data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 479-488.
    7. Cifor, Angela & Denholm, Paul & Ela, Erik & Hodge, Bri-Mathias & Reed, Adam, 2015. "The policy and institutional challenges of grid integration of renewable energy in the western United States," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 34-41.
    8. Gosens, Jorrit, 2017. "Natural resource endowment is not a strong driver of wind or PV development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1007-1018.
    9. Shih-Chieh Huang & Shang-Lien Lo & Yen-Ching Lin, 2013. "To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-24, August.
    10. Kaczmarski, Jesse I. & Jones, Benjamin A., 2024. "The marginal generation and emissions impacts of purchased hydropower: Evidence from the Colorado River Storage Project," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    11. Jean-Michel Glachant & Arthur Henriot, 2013. "Melting-pots and salad bowls: the current debate on electricity market design for RES integration," Working Papers EPRG 1329, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    12. Flora, Rui & Marques, António Cardoso & Fuinhas, José Alberto, 2014. "Wind power idle capacity in a panel of European countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 823-830.
    13. Gosens, Jorrit & Hedenus, Fredrik & Sandén, Björn A., 2017. "Faster market growth of wind and PV in late adopters due to global experience build-up," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 267-278.
    14. Nian, Victor & Mignacca, Benito & Locatelli, Giorgio, 2022. "Policies toward net-zero: Benchmarking the economic competitiveness of nuclear against wind and solar energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    15. Andreea-Ileana Zamfir & Elena Oana Croitoru & Cristina Burlacioiu & Cosmin Dobrin, 2022. "Renewable Energies: Economic and Energy Impact in the Context of Increasing the Share of Electric Cars in EU," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-19, November.
    16. Moe, Espen, 2012. "Vested interests, energy efficiency and renewables in Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 260-273.
    17. Iyer, Gokul & Hultman, Nathan & Eom, Jiyong & McJeon, Haewon & Patel, Pralit & Clarke, Leon, 2015. "Diffusion of low-carbon technologies and the feasibility of long-term climate targets," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 90(PA), pages 103-118.
    18. Tolga Kara & Ahmet Duran Şahin, 2023. "Implications of Climate Change on Wind Energy Potential," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-26, October.
    19. Kirsty Anantharajah, 2019. "Governing Climate Finance in Fiji: Barriers, Complexity and Interconnectedness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Archer, C.L. & Simão, H.P. & Kempton, W. & Powell, W.B. & Dvorak, M.J., 2017. "The challenge of integrating offshore wind power in the U.S. electric grid. Part I: Wind forecast error," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 346-360.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8089-:d:1301256. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.