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New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Shivang Khare

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Karl Oskar Pires Bjørgen

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Komeil Kohansal

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Muhammad Salman Haider

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Daniele Castello

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Thomas Helmer Pedersen

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Terese Løvås

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • David Robert Emberson

    (Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway)

Abstract

This study involves the investigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) based biofuel in order to demonstrate its utilization as a diesel blendstock in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The biofuel was produced from the Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) process. The tested biofuels represented both distilled (known as nonupgraded HTL biofuel) and hydrotreated (known as upgraded HTL biofuel) fuels, obtained from raw bio-crude. The effects of the HTL biofuel and diesel blending on the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated. A comparative study of nonupgraded and upgraded HTL biofuel in terms of combustion and emissions was conducted. The upgraded HTL biofuel was blended with reference diesel (RD) by 5%, 10%, and 40% by weight, respectively, and the nonupgraded HTL biofuel was blended with RD by 10% by weight. The experiments were conducted in an optically accessible compression ignition chamber (OACIC) with engine-like thermodynamic conditions. The parameters were recorded at a constant speed and at fixed thermodynamic conditions. The heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay (ID), flame lift-off length (FLOL), and in-flame soot were measured. The PM, CO, NOx, and CO 2 were also recorded. In summary, the HTL blends exhibited a close resemblance to the reference diesel across a range of combustion parameters and regulated emissions. Furthermore, the upgraded HTL blends outperformed the nonupgraded blend in terms of both combustion characteristics and emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Shivang Khare & Karl Oskar Pires Bjørgen & Komeil Kohansal & Muhammad Salman Haider & Daniele Castello & Thomas Helmer Pedersen & Terese Løvås & David Robert Emberson, 2023. "New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:18:p:6754-:d:1245080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Toor, Saqib Sohail & Rosendahl, Lasse & Rudolf, Andreas, 2011. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2328-2342.
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    3. Altarazi, Yazan S.M. & Abu Talib, Abd Rahim & Yu, Jianglong & Gires, Ezanee & Abdul Ghafir, Mohd Fahmi & Lucas, John & Yusaf, Talal, 2022. "Effects of biofuel on engines performance and emission characteristics: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    4. Chen, Hao & Su, Xin & He, Jingjing & Zhang, Peng & Xu, Hongming & Zhou, Chenglong, 2021. "Investigation on combustion characteristics of cyclopentanol/diesel fuel blends in an optical engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 811-829.
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