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Investigation of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Cathode Exhaust Gas Composition Based on Test Bed Measurements

Author

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  • Peter Reithuber

    (Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems (ITnA), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 19, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Christian Frühwirth

    (Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems (ITnA), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 19, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Simon Buchberger

    (Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems (ITnA), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 19, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Helmut Eichlseder

    (Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems (ITnA), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 19, 8010 Graz, Austria)

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are gaining increasing importance in vehicle applications. The exhaust gas composition regarding the water and oxygen content and the mass flow are important parameters in fuel cell research (e.g., for designing the test bed, quantifying the hydrogen loss in the exhaust, performing experiments with air pollutants, and monitoring degradation). The exhaust gas composition is also important for vehicle applications (e.g., ensuring safe hydrogen levels in the exhaust). Performing direct measurements of the exhaust mass flow and the relative humidity is challenging due to the high-humidity environment. This article presents a mathematical thermodynamic model used to calculate the exhaust gas mass flow and relative humidity, validated by balancing the gas species composition between cathode inlet and exhaust and by using data measured at the fuel cell system test bed. Four calculation model variations and their analyses are discussed. Furthermore, the exhaust gas composition throughout the fuel cell system operating range is presented. The results of air pollutant experiments provide comprehensive examples for the application of the calculation model. These results demonstrate the suitability of the model for its application in fuel cell system research.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Reithuber & Christian Frühwirth & Simon Buchberger & Helmut Eichlseder, 2023. "Investigation of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Cathode Exhaust Gas Composition Based on Test Bed Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:16:p:6057-:d:1220431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abdin, Z. & Webb, C.J. & Gray, E.MacA., 2016. "PEM fuel cell model and simulation in Matlab–Simulink based on physical parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 1131-1144.
    2. Peter Reithuber & Florian Poimer & Stefan Brandstätter & Eberhard Schutting & Simon Buchberger & Alexander Trattner & Helmut Eichlseder, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of the Influence of NO on a PEM Fuel Cell System and Voltage Recovery Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, April.
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