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Accurate Remaining Available Energy Estimation of LiFePO 4 Battery in Dynamic Frequency Regulation for EVs with Thermal-Electric-Hysteresis Model

Author

Listed:
  • Zhihang Zhang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Languang Lu

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Yalun Li

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Hewu Wang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Minggao Ouyang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy storage system that can participate in bidirectional interaction with the power grid and support the frequency stability of the grid. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) battery systems, with their advantages of high safety and long cycle life, are widely used in EVs and participate in frequency regulation (FR) services. Accurate assessment of the state of charge (SOC) and remaining available energy (RAE) status in LiFePO 4 batteries is crucial in formulating control strategies for battery systems. However, establishing an accurate voltage model for LiFePO 4 batteries is challenging due to the hysteresis of open circuit voltage and internal temperature changes, making it difficult to accurately assess their SOC and RAE. To accurately evaluate the SOC and RAE of LiFePO 4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, a thermal-electric-hysteresis coupled voltage model is built. Based on this model, closed-loop optimal SOC estimation is achieved using the extended Kalman filter algorithm to correct the initial value of SOC calculated by ampere-hour integration. Further, RAE is accurately estimated using a method based on future voltage prediction. The research results demonstrate that the thermal-electric-hysteresis coupling model exhibits high accuracy in simulating terminal voltage under a 48 h dynamic FR working condition, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 18.7 mV. The proposed state estimation strategy can accurately assess the state of LiFePO 4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, with an RMSE of 1.73% for SOC estimation and 2.13% for RAE estimation. This research has the potential to be applied in battery management systems to achieve an accurate assessment of battery state and provide support for the efficient and reliable operation of battery systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhihang Zhang & Languang Lu & Yalun Li & Hewu Wang & Minggao Ouyang, 2023. "Accurate Remaining Available Energy Estimation of LiFePO 4 Battery in Dynamic Frequency Regulation for EVs with Thermal-Electric-Hysteresis Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5239-:d:1189487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiuli Wang & Junkai Wei & Fushuan Wen & Kai Wang, 2023. "A Trading Mode Based on the Management of Residual Electric Energy in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Ningzhi Jin & Jianjun Wang & Yalun Li & Liangxi He & Xiaogang Wu & Hewu Wang & Languang Lu, 2023. "A Bidirectional Grid-Friendly Charger Design for Electric Vehicle Operated under Pulse-Current Heating and Variable-Current Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.

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