IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i13p5239-d1189487.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Accurate Remaining Available Energy Estimation of LiFePO 4 Battery in Dynamic Frequency Regulation for EVs with Thermal-Electric-Hysteresis Model

Author

Listed:
  • Zhihang Zhang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Languang Lu

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Yalun Li

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Hewu Wang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Minggao Ouyang

    (School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy storage system that can participate in bidirectional interaction with the power grid and support the frequency stability of the grid. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) battery systems, with their advantages of high safety and long cycle life, are widely used in EVs and participate in frequency regulation (FR) services. Accurate assessment of the state of charge (SOC) and remaining available energy (RAE) status in LiFePO 4 batteries is crucial in formulating control strategies for battery systems. However, establishing an accurate voltage model for LiFePO 4 batteries is challenging due to the hysteresis of open circuit voltage and internal temperature changes, making it difficult to accurately assess their SOC and RAE. To accurately evaluate the SOC and RAE of LiFePO 4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, a thermal-electric-hysteresis coupled voltage model is built. Based on this model, closed-loop optimal SOC estimation is achieved using the extended Kalman filter algorithm to correct the initial value of SOC calculated by ampere-hour integration. Further, RAE is accurately estimated using a method based on future voltage prediction. The research results demonstrate that the thermal-electric-hysteresis coupling model exhibits high accuracy in simulating terminal voltage under a 48 h dynamic FR working condition, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 18.7 mV. The proposed state estimation strategy can accurately assess the state of LiFePO 4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, with an RMSE of 1.73% for SOC estimation and 2.13% for RAE estimation. This research has the potential to be applied in battery management systems to achieve an accurate assessment of battery state and provide support for the efficient and reliable operation of battery systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhihang Zhang & Languang Lu & Yalun Li & Hewu Wang & Minggao Ouyang, 2023. "Accurate Remaining Available Energy Estimation of LiFePO 4 Battery in Dynamic Frequency Regulation for EVs with Thermal-Electric-Hysteresis Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-28, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5239-:d:1189487
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5239/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5239/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    2. Hu, Xiaosong & Feng, Fei & Liu, Kailong & Zhang, Lei & Xie, Jiale & Liu, Bo, 2019. "State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Liu, Guangming & Ouyang, Minggao & Lu, Languang & Li, Jianqiu & Hua, Jianfeng, 2015. "A highly accurate predictive-adaptive method for lithium-ion battery remaining discharge energy prediction in electric vehicle applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 297-314.
    4. Lin, Cheng & Mu, Hao & Xiong, Rui & Shen, Weixiang, 2016. "A novel multi-model probability battery state of charge estimation approach for electric vehicles using H-infinity algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 76-83.
    5. Cui, Zhenhua & Kang, Le & Li, Liwei & Wang, Licheng & Wang, Kai, 2022. "A hybrid neural network model with improved input for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery at low temperatures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1328-1340.
    6. Bizhong Xia & Zhen Sun & Ruifeng Zhang & Deyu Cui & Zizhou Lao & Wei Wang & Wei Sun & Yongzhi Lai & Mingwang Wang, 2017. "A Comparative Study of Three Improved Algorithms Based on Particle Filter Algorithms in SOC Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-14, August.
    7. He, HongWen & Zhang, YongZhi & Xiong, Rui & Wang, Chun, 2015. "A novel Gaussian model based battery state estimation approach: State-of-Energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 41-48.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xiuli Wang & Junkai Wei & Fushuan Wen & Kai Wang, 2023. "A Trading Mode Based on the Management of Residual Electric Energy in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Ningzhi Jin & Jianjun Wang & Yalun Li & Liangxi He & Xiaogang Wu & Hewu Wang & Languang Lu, 2023. "A Bidirectional Grid-Friendly Charger Design for Electric Vehicle Operated under Pulse-Current Heating and Variable-Current Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lai, Xin & Huang, Yunfeng & Gu, Huanghui & Han, Xuebing & Feng, Xuning & Dai, Haifeng & Zheng, Yuejiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2022. "Remaining discharge energy estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on future load prediction considering temperature and ageing effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    2. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Yang, Xiao & Fernandez, Carlos, 2023. "A hybrid probabilistic correction model for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries considering dynamic currents and temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    3. Qiaohua Fang & Xuezhe Wei & Haifeng Dai, 2019. "A Remaining Discharge Energy Prediction Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Considering SOC and Parameter Inconsistency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Zhang, Xu & Wang, Yujie & Wu, Ji & Chen, Zonghai, 2018. "A novel method for lithium-ion battery state of energy and state of power estimation based on multi-time-scale filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 442-451.
    5. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Xinwei Sun & Yang Zhang & Yongcheng Zhang & Licheng Wang & Kai Wang, 2023. "Summary of Health-State Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Wang, Yujie & Chen, Zonghai & Zhang, Chenbin, 2017. "On-line remaining energy prediction: A case study in embedded battery management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 688-695.
    8. Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Tahia F. Karim & Shaheer Ansari & Md. Sazal Miah & Md. Siddikur Rahman & Sheikh T. Meraj & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Raghavendra Rajan Vijayaraghavan, 2022. "Intelligent SOX Estimation for Automotive Battery Management Systems: State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Approaches, Open Issues, and Future Research Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-31, December.
    9. Naseri, F. & Gil, S. & Barbu, C. & Cetkin, E. & Yarimca, G. & Jensen, A.C. & Larsen, P.G. & Gomes, C., 2023. "Digital twin of electric vehicle battery systems: Comprehensive review of the use cases, requirements, and platforms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    10. Li, Shuangqi & He, Hongwen & Li, Jianwei, 2019. "Big data driven lithium-ion battery modeling method based on SDAE-ELM algorithm and data pre-processing technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1259-1273.
    11. Chen, Zheng & Zhao, Hongqian & Shu, Xing & Zhang, Yuanjian & Shen, Jiangwei & Liu, Yonggang, 2021. "Synthetic state of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on long short-term memory network modeling and adaptive H-Infinity filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Tang, Xiaopeng & Liu, Kailong & Lu, Jingyi & Liu, Boyang & Wang, Xin & Gao, Furong, 2020. "Battery incremental capacity curve extraction by a two-dimensional Luenberger–Gaussian-moving-average filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    13. Wang, Shunli & Shang, Liping & Li, Zhanfeng & Deng, Hu & Li, Jianchao, 2016. "Online dynamic equalization adjustment of high-power lithium-ion battery packs based on the state of balance estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 44-58.
    14. Guo, Yongfang & Yu, Xiangyuan & Wang, Yashuang & Huang, Kai, 2024. "Health prognostics of lithium-ion batteries based on universal voltage range features mining and adaptive multi-Gaussian process regression with Harris Hawks optimization algorithm," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    15. Tian, Jiaqiang & Fan, Yuan & Pan, Tianhong & Zhang, Xu & Yin, Jianning & Zhang, Qingping, 2024. "A critical review on inconsistency mechanism, evaluation methods and improvement measures for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    16. Jiang, Bo & Tao, Siyi & Wang, Xueyuan & Zhu, Jiangong & Wei, Xuezhe & Dai, Haifeng, 2023. "Mechanics-based state of charge estimation for lithium-ion pouch battery using deep learning technique," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    17. Wu, Muyao & Zhong, Yiming & Wu, Ji & Wang, Yuqing & Wang, Li, 2023. "State of health estimation of the lithium-ion power battery based on the principal component analysis-particle swarm optimization-back propagation neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    18. Li, Alan G. & West, Alan C. & Preindl, Matthias, 2022. "Towards unified machine learning characterization of lithium-ion battery degradation across multiple levels: A critical review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    19. Bizhong Xia & Zheng Zhang & Zizhou Lao & Wei Wang & Wei Sun & Yongzhi Lai & Mingwang Wang, 2018. "Strong Tracking of a H-Infinity Filter in Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, June.
    20. Xu, Cheng & Zhang, E & Jiang, Kai & Wang, Kangli, 2022. "Dual fuzzy-based adaptive extended Kalman filter for state of charge estimation of liquid metal battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5239-:d:1189487. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.